{"id":8202,"date":"2024-03-16T10:44:56","date_gmt":"2024-03-16T10:44:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E9%9D%99%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%8C%E6%A5%B5%E5%AD%90-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\/"},"modified":"2024-03-16T10:44:56","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T10:44:56","slug":"%E9%9D%99%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%8C%E6%A5%B5%E5%AD%90-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=8202","title":{"rendered":"\u9759\u96fb\u53cc\u6975\u5b50 – \u5b9a\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9759\u96fb\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u306f<\/strong>\u3001\u9593\u9694<\/i>\u3092\u958b\u3051\u305f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u96fb\u8377+q<\/i>\u304a\u3088\u3073-q<\/i>\u306e 2 \u70b9P<\/i>\u304a\u3088\u3073N<\/i>\u306e\u30da\u30a2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\u3053\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u5316\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u3092\u53cc\u6975\u5b50<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 (\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6c34\u7d20<\/a><\/span>\u7d50\u5408)\u3002<\/p>

\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u306f\u96fb\u5834<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u8208\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059

$$ {\\vec{E}(M)} $$<\/div>\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u304b\u3089\u9060\u304f\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u70b9 M \u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059 (\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6<\/i>\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059)\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u5834<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u306e\u6319\u52d5\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 (\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u7684<\/i>\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059)\u3002<\/p>

\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/span><\/h2>

\u9759\u96fb\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u3092<\/a><\/span>\u7279\u5fb4\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u91cf\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/strong>\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002

$$ {\\vec{p}} $$<\/div>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f: <\/p>
$$ {\\vec{p}=q\\cdot\\overrightarrow{NP}} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

(\u70b9 P \u306f\u96fb\u8377<\/a><\/span>+q<\/i>\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u70b9 N \u306f\u96fb\u8377-q<\/i>\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002)<\/p>

\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u30af\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3 \u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb (Cm) \u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4fbf\u5b9c\u4e0a\u3001\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4 (D) \u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

1D = 3.33564 \u00d7 10 -30<\/sup>\u30bb\u30f3\u30c1\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb<\/dd><\/dl>
\n\"\u9759\u96fb\u53cc\u6975\u5b50<\/figure>

\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30c0\u30a4\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb<\/span><\/h2>

\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/h3>

M \u306e\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb V(M) \u306f\u3001\u30af\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u6cd5\u5247<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>

$$ {V(M)=\\frac{q}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0}\\left(\\frac{1}{PM}- \\frac{1}{NM}\\right)} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u70b9 M \u304c\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u304b\u3089\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9060\u3044\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

[PN] \u306e\u4e2d\u70b9\u3092\u539f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u7dda (PM) \u3092\u6975\u8ef8\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6975\u5ea7\u6a19<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3068 (\u53f3\u306e\u56f3\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002

$$ {r\\gg a} $$<\/div>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u958b\u767a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>
$$ {\\frac{1}{PM}- \\frac{1}{NM}=\\frac{a\\cdot\\cos\\theta}{r^2}} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u5f0f\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>

$$ {V(M)=\\frac{q\\cdot a\\cdot\\cos\\theta}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0 r^2}=\\frac{\\vec{p}\\cdot\\vec{r}}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0 r^3}} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u304b\u3089\u9060\u304f\u96e2\u308c\u305f<\/i>\u7b49\u96fb\u4f4d\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002

$$ {r=k\\sqrt{\\cos\\theta}} $$<\/div> (\u53f3\u306e\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3002<\/p>

\u96fb\u754c\u767a\u751f<\/span><\/h3>

V(M) \u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002

$$ {\\vec{E}(M)} $$<\/div>\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\uff1a <\/p>
$$ {\\vec{E}(M) = – \\overrightarrow{\\rm grad}\\bigl(V(M)\\bigr) = \\frac{p}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0r^3}\\cdot\\bigl(2\\cos\\theta\\vec{u_r} + \\sin \\theta \\vec{u_\\theta}\\bigr)} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5f0f\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>

$$ {\\vec{E}(M)= \\frac{1}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0\\cdot r^3}\\cdot\\bigl(3 \\vec{u_r}(\\vec{p} \\cdot \\vec{u_r}) – \\vec{p}\\bigr)} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u304b\u3089\u9060\u304f\u96e2\u308c\u305f<\/i>\u78c1\u529b\u7dda (\u7b49\u96fb\u4f4d\u306b\u76f4\u4ea4) \u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059: r<\/i> = k<\/i> sin 2<\/sup> \u03b8<\/span> (\u53f3\u306e\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3002<\/p>

\u30d1\u30c3\u30b7\u30d6\u30c0\u30a4\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb<\/span><\/h2>

\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b

$$ {\\vec{p}} $$<\/div>\u5916\u90e8<\/i>\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u304c\u3042\u308bM\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059
$$ {\\vec{E}(M)} $$<\/div> \u3002<\/p>

\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u304c\u9759<\/a><\/span>\u96fb\u529b<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002

$$ {\\vec{F_e}} $$<\/div>\u305d\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
$$ {\\vec{F_e}=\\left(\\vec{p} \\cdot \\overrightarrow{\\rm grad}\\right)\\vec{E}(M)} $$<\/div><\/p>

\u5f7c\u3082\u307e\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u307e\u3059

$$ {\\vec{\\Gamma_e}(M)} $$<\/div>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f:
$$ {\\vec{\\Gamma_e}(M)=\\vec{p}\\wedge\\vec{E}(M)} $$<\/div><\/p>

\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u53cc\u6975\u5b50\u306e\u8ef8\u304c\u56de\u8ee2\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u96fb\u4f4d\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002

$$ {E_p=-\\vec{p} \\cdot \\vec{E}(M)} $$<\/div><\/p><\/div>
\n\"\u9759\u96fb\u53cc\u6975\u5b50<\/figure>

\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>
  1. Elektrick\u00fd dip\u00f3l \u2013 tch\u00e8que<\/a><\/li>
  2. Dipolo el\u00e9ctrico \u2013 espagnol<\/a><\/li>
  3. Dipolo elettrico \u2013 italien<\/a><\/li>
  4. Dip\u00f2lo el\u00e9trich \u2013 pi\u00e9montais<\/a><\/li>
  5. Elektrick\u00fd dip\u00f3l \u2013 slovaque<\/a><\/li>
  6. Elektri\u010dni dipol \u2013 slov\u00e8ne<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n
    \n

    \n \u9759\u96fb\u53cc\u6975\u5b50 – \u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n
    \n \n
    \n
    \n