{"id":16120,"date":"2023-10-23T03:44:34","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T03:44:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC\/"},"modified":"2023-10-23T03:44:34","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T03:44:34","slug":"%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=16120","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><div><p>\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u95a2\u6570<strong>G<\/strong>\u306f Willard Gibbs \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c 2 \u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5909\u63db\u306f\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u751f\u6210\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc \u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9<strong>\u0394S(system) + \u0394S(exterior) &gt; 0<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=1544\">\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=105613\">\u71b1\u529b\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u9032\u5316\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u6700\u5927\u5024\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u9032\u5316\u306f\u3053\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=81037\">\u65b9\u5411<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u9032\u3080\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306b\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u3068\u308c\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc (<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=47436\">\u91cd\u529b<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u306a\u3069) \u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u7cfb\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p><p> Gibbs \u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089 2 \u3064\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc G \u306f\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u52d5\u4f5c\u3057\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72157\">\u6e29\u5ea6<\/a><\/span>T \u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e00\u5b9a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106732\">\u5727\u529b<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u9054\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=68653\">\u5c4b\u5916<\/a><\/span>\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=85939\">\u5927\u6c17\u5727<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><h2><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=74671\">\u610f\u5473<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p>\u6e29\u5ea6 T \u3068\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5727\u529b p \u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106343\">\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306f\u5727\u529b\u306e\u307f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059 (\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u306a\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u96fb\u6c17\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u30a2\u30bb\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093)\u3002 <strong>Q <sub>P \u3092<\/sub><\/strong>\u53cd\u5fdc\u7cfb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=53385\">\u71b1<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 p = \u5b9a\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u71b1\u306f\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u5909\u5316\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059: <strong>\u0394H(syst) = Q <sub>P<\/sub><\/strong> \u3002<\/p><p> 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p><p> <strong>\u0394S(\u4f5c\u6210) = \u0394S(\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0) + \u0394S(\u5916\u90e8) &gt; 0<\/strong><\/p><p>\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4f9b\u7d66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u71b1\u306f\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7b26\u53f7\u306f\u5909\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059 (\u7b26\u53f7\u306e\u6cd5\u5247): <strong>&#8211; Q <sub>P<\/sub> = &#8211; \u0394H(syst)<\/strong> \u3002<\/p><p>\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001 <strong>\u0394S(ext) = &#8211; Q <sub>P<\/sub> \/ T = &#8211; \u0394H(syst) \/ T<\/strong>\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc \u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u3001 <strong>\u0394S(syst) &#8211; \u0394H(syst) \/ T &gt; 0<\/strong>\u3068\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u306e\u4e21\u8fba\u306b (-T) \u3092\u639b\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><ul><li> <strong>\u0394H(syst) &#8211; T\u0394S(syst) &lt; 0<\/strong> \u3002<\/li><\/ul><p>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u95a2\u6570<strong>G = H \u2013 TS \u3092<\/strong>\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u5727\u529b\u306e\u5834\u5408<strong>\u0394G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst) = \u0394H(syst) &#8211; T\u0394S(syst) &lt; 0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u6570 G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst) \u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u306e\u307f\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst) \u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\u3067\u5e73\u8861\u306b\u9054\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/oXhz3aHVyWI\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h2> <span>G\u306e\u5fae\u5206<\/span><\/h2><p>G = H \u2013 TS<\/p><ul><li> dG = dH \u2013 TdS \u2013 SdT<\/li><\/ul><p>\u307e\u305f\u306f H = U + pV<\/p><ul><li> dH = dU + pdV + Vdp<\/li><\/ul><p> <strong>dG = dU + pdV + Vdp \u2013 TdS \u2013 SdT<\/strong><\/p><p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406: dU = \u03b4Q + \u03b4W = \u03b4Q \u2013 pdV + \u03b4W&#8217;<\/p><p>\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u5727\u529b\u529b (- pdV) \u307e\u305f\u306f\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u30a2\u30bb\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u5185\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u4ed5\u4e8b (\u03b4W&#8217;) \u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> dG = \u03b4Q -pdV + \u03b4W&#8217; + pdV + Vdp \u2013 TdS \u2013 SdT = <strong>\u03b4Q + \u03b4W&#8217; + Vdp \u2013 TdS \u2013 SdT<\/strong><\/p><p> 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046: dS(syst) = \u03b4Q(r\u00e9v) \/ \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u03b4Q(r\u00e9v) = TdS<\/p><p> dG = TdS + \u03b4W'(rev) + Vdp \u2013 TdS \u2013 SdT = \u03b4W'(rev) + Vdp \u2013 SdT<\/p><ul><li> <strong>dG = Vdp \u2013 SdT + \u03b4W'(rev)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/qMDJ_i4ogi0\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h3><span>\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e T \u3068 p \u3067\u52d5\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30d0\u30fc\u30b7\u30d6\u30eb\u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/span><\/h3><p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=49897\">\u96fb\u6c60\u306f\u3001<\/a><\/span>\u9178\u5316\u9084\u5143\u53cd\u5fdc\u4e2d\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u5316\u5b66<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=54845\">\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092<\/a><\/span>\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u4f9b\u7d66\u3055\u308c\u308b<span>\u96fb\u6c17\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc<\/span>(W&#8217;) \u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u7279\u5225\u306a\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u4f4e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=27492\">\u96fb\u5727<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u4f9b\u7d66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u5404<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95797\">\u77ac\u9593<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=42924\">\u8d77\u96fb\u529b<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u9006\u96fb\u5727 (\u03b5 \u4ee5\u5185) \u3092\u5916\u90e8\u56de\u8def\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5b9f\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e T \u3068 P \u3067\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> dG = \u03b4W'(r\u00e9v) \u304a\u3088\u3073\u6709\u9650\u5909\u63db\u306e\u5834\u5408: <strong>\u0394G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst) = W'(r\u00e9v)<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u53ef\u9006\u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95597\">\u4f9b\u7d66\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/a><\/span>\u96fb\u6c17\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><p>\u30bb\u30eb\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3067\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30b8\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f (\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3092\u53c2\u7167): dS(syst) &gt; \u03b4Q(irrev) \/ T \u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><ul><li> <strong>\u0394G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0) &lt; W'(\u975e\u30ea\u30d0\u30fc\u30b9)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001W'(r\u00e9v) &lt; W'(irrever) \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u5316\u5b66\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u8ca0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<strong>\u3002 W'(rev) | &gt; | W'(irrev) |<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u304c\u53ef\u9006\u52d5\u4f5c\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u96fb\u5727\u306e\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u96fb\u6c17\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001<span>\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u52b9\u679c<\/span>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/MGla0BzCduY\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h3><span>\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u306a\u3001\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e T \u3068 p \u3067\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/span><\/h3><p>\u96fb\u6c60\u30a2\u30bb\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u306a\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u3001\u03b4W&#8217; = 0\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30b8\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f (\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3092\u53c2\u7167) \u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b2c 2 \u6cd5\u5247\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059: dS(syst) &gt; \u03b4Q(irrv) \/ T<\/p><p>\u5fae\u5206 dG \u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><ul><li> <strong>dG &lt; Vdp \u2013 SDT<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f T \u3068 p \u306f\u5b9a\u6570\u3067\u3059<\/p><ul><li>dG <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst) &lt; 0\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53cd\u5fdc\u306e\u5834\u5408<strong>\u0394G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst) &lt; 0<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=73855\">\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> \u0394S(\u4f5c\u6210) = \u0394S(\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0) + \u0394S(\u5916\u90e8) &gt; 0<\/p><p> \u0394S(\u4f5c\u6210) = \u0394S(syst) &#8211; \u0394H(syst) \/ T\u3001-T \u3092\u639b\u3051\u308b<\/p><p>-T\u0394S(\u4f5c\u6210) = -T\u0394S(syst) + \u0394H(syst)<\/p><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001 <strong>\u0394G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst)= &#8211; T\u0394S(created) &lt; 0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u3001\u53cd\u5fdc\u7cfb\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\u9032\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u95a2\u6570 G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst) \u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u53cd\u5fdc\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3068\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=13234\">\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><p><i>\u6ce8:<\/i><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=54039\">\u7269\u7406\u7684<\/a><\/span>\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u3044\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=66161\">\u6c37\u306e<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=32314\">\u878d\u89e3\u306f<\/a><\/span><strong>0 <sup>\u2103<\/sup> +\u03b5<\/strong>\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=5522\">\u30bc\u30ed<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u8fd1\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001 <strong>\u0394G <sub>T,P<\/sub> (syst) \u2248 0<\/strong>\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306e\u5747\u8861\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3059\u7406\u7531\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/1WwFlK6jjQE\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h2 class=\"ref_link\">\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2><ol><li><a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u2013 arabe<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enerx%C3%ADa_de_Gibbs\">Enerx\u00eda de Gibbs \u2013 asturien<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gibbs_enerjisi\">Gibbs enerjisi \u2013 azerba\u00efdjanais<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%81\">\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u0431\u0441 \u2013 bulgare<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF\">\u0997\u09bf\u09ac\u09b8 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u2013 bengali<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gibbsova_slobodna_energija\">Gibbsova slobodna energija \u2013 bosniaque<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"feature-video\">\n <h2>\n  \u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"video-item\">\n  \n  <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n   <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u5316\u5b66\u5909\u5316\u306e\u9032\u3080\u5411\u304d\u3000\u30ae\u30d6\u30ba\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3000\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u3000\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3000\u71b1\u5316\u5b66\u3000\u65b0\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3000\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30e7\u30a4\u30b1\u30df\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u3000121205\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jR59qdKy06I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n   <\/div>\n  <\/figure>\n  \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u95a2\u6570G\u306f Willard Gibbs \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c 2 \u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5909\u63db\u306f\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u751f\u6210\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u767a\u751f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16121,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/0WVllg3lbF8\/0.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[17950,11,13,14,10,12,14982,16,17949,15],"class_list":["post-16120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dictionary","tag-enthalpie","tag-techniques","tag-technologie","tag-news","tag-actualite","tag-dossier","tag-libre","tag-sciences","tag-enthalpie-libre","tag-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16120"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16120"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16120\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}