{"id":18672,"date":"2024-05-25T16:51:54","date_gmt":"2024-05-25T16:51:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC\/"},"modified":"2024-05-25T16:51:54","modified_gmt":"2024-05-25T16:51:54","slug":"%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=18672","title":{"rendered":"\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><div><table align=\"right\" cellpadding=\"2\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"260\"><tr><th align=\"center\">\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u539f\u7406<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u30bc\u30ed\u539f\u7406<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6cd5\u5247<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=105613\">\u71b1\u529b\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u6cd5\u5247<\/td><\/tr><\/table><p><strong>\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c 2 \u6cd5\u5247<\/strong>(<strong>\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c 2 \u6cd5\u5247<\/strong>\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059) \u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u71b1\u4ea4\u63db\u4e2d\u306e\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u306e<span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u3092<\/span>\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30011824 \u5e74\u306b\u30b5\u30c7\u30a3 \u30ab\u30eb\u30ce\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f<strong>\u9032\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30da\u30a4\u30ed\u30f3 (1834 \u5e74)\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30b8\u30a6\u30b9 (1850 \u5e74)\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=32370\">\u30b1\u30eb\u30d3\u30f3<\/a><\/span>\u537f\u3001\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30f4\u30a3\u30d2 \u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3 (1873 \u5e74)\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=103513\">\u30de\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306a\u3069<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3068\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u306e<span>\u4e3b\u984c<\/span>\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=103513\">Planck<\/a><\/span> (\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u3068\u7d71\u8a08<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=19376\">\u529b\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u6b74\u53f2)\u3001 <span title=\"\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u6570\u5b57\u3067\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5b57\">19<\/span><sup class=\"exposant\">\u4e16\u7d00<\/sup><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95765\">\u4ee5\u964d<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306e\u58f0\u660e<\/span><\/h2><p><strong>\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u306e\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u5909\u5316\u3082\u3001\u7cfb\u306e\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u3084\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u95a2\u6570: S \u304c\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u306e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=1544\">\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u751f\u6210\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><p>\u53ef\u9006\u5909\u63db\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u751f\u6210\u306f\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><i>\u5099\u8003<\/i><\/p><ul><li>\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=53385\">\u71b1<\/a><\/span>\u4ea4\u63db\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u304b\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u304c\u3088\u308a\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5909\u63db\u304c\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc \u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u6b63\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li><\/ul><p> <strong>2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u751f\u6210\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=16042\">\u8d77\u3053\u308b<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9032\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><h3><span>\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u306e\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/h3><p>\u53ef\u9006\u5909\u63db\u306f\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u306a\u5909\u66f4\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u5143\u306b\u623b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6e96\u9759\u7684\u306a\u5909\u63db\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u9023\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u623b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5909\u8eab\u6620\u753b\u3092\u9006\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=61313\">\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/a><\/span>\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6620\u753b\u304c\u3070\u304b\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u5143\u306b\u623b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5143\u306b\u623b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u53ef\u9006\u5909\u63db\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7121\u9650\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=11592\">\u9045\u3044<\/a><\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7121\u9650\u306b\u96a3\u63a5\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u614b\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30bc\u30ed\u6563\u9038\u73fe\u8c61\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5fb4\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5909\u63db\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<strong>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5909\u63db\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=50545\">\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u306a<\/a><\/span>\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 (\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093)\u3002<\/p><ul><li>\u4e0d\u5747\u4e00\u6027 (\u62e1\u6563\u6e90): \u5206\u5b50<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=37332\">\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/a><\/span>\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72157\">\u6e29\u5ea6<\/a><\/span>\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106732\">\u5727\u529b<\/a><\/span>\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/li><li>\u6563\u9038\u73fe\u8c61: \u6d41\u4f53\u3068\u56fa\u4f53\u306e\u6469\u64e6<\/li><li>\u7269\u8cea\u306e\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u518d\u7d44\u7e54\u5316:<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106343\">\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/li><\/ul><h3><span>\u7b2c 2 \u539f\u7406\u306e\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316<\/span><\/h3><p>\u7b2c 2 \u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001<strong>\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc<\/strong>\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u62e1\u5f35\u72b6\u614b\u95a2\u6570 S \u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5909\u63db\u4e2d\u306e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001\u4ea4\u63db\u9805\u3068\u5275\u9020\u9805\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><ul><li>\u5275\u9020\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u6b63\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5909\u9769\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=81037\">\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092<\/a><\/span>\u8ab2\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\Delta S_{creation}\\geq0~} $$<\/div> ;\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306f\u53ef\u9006\u5909\u63db\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li><li>\u6e29\u5ea6<strong>T<\/strong>\u3067\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u3068<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=3678\">\u71b1\u91cf<\/a><\/span><strong>Q \u3092<\/strong>\u4ea4\u63db\u3059\u308b\u9589\u9396\u7cfb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u4ea4\u63db\u9805\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\Delta S_{echange}=\\frac{Q}{T}~} $$<\/div> \u3002<\/li><\/ul><p>\u524d\u306b\u898b\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3068\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5225\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=97003\">\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u914d\u5408\u306f\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u914d\u5408\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e92\u63db\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u78ba\u304b\u306b<\/p><p><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\Delta S_{echange}~} $$<\/div>\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u4ea4\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u5074\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3068\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u306f\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u7d9a\u3044\u3066<\/p><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001<\/p><p>\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u5909\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3068\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u5909\u52d5\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u306a\u5909\u63db\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u6b63\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u53ef\u9006\u5909\u63db\u306e\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u6e29\u5ea6 T \u3067\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5909\u63db\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u72b6\u614b\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f 2 \u3064\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3067\u540c\u3058\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u71b1\u306f\u72b6\u614b\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305f\u3069\u308b\u7d4c\u8def\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u53ef\u9006\u5909\u63db:<\/strong> <\/li><\/ul><p><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\Delta S_{syst} = \\Delta S_{echange} = \\frac{Q(rev)}{T}~} $$<\/div>\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u30bc\u30ed\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u306a\u5909\u63db:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\Delta S_{syst}  width=} $$<\/div> \\frac{Q(irrev)}{T}~&#8221; &gt; \u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u6b63\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3002<\/p><p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5f0f\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30b8\u30a6\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4eca\u3067\u3082\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30b8\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u5225\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><i>\u71b1\u4f1d\u9054\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/i>:<\/li><\/ul><p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u71b1\u304c\u71b1\u3044\u4f53\u304b\u3089<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=76057\">\u51b7\u305f\u3044<\/a><\/span>\u4f53\u3078\u3068\u4f1d\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6<strong>T1<\/strong>\u3068<strong>T2<\/strong>\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b 2 \u3064\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0<strong>syst1<\/strong>\u3068<strong>syst2<\/strong>\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5206\u96e2\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> <strong>syst1<\/strong>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ea4\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u71b1\u306f<strong>Q1<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001 <strong>syst2<\/strong>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ea4\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u71b1\u306f<strong>Q2<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u9694\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u4ea4\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u71b1\u306f\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001 <strong>Q1 + Q2 = 0 \u3068<\/strong>\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001 <strong>Q2 = -Q1 \u3068<\/strong>\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> 2\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/p><p><strong>\u0394S <sub>created<\/sub> = \u0394S <sub>syst<\/sub> + \u0394S <sub>ext<\/sub> &gt; 0<\/strong><\/p><p>\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u0394S <sub>syst<\/sub> = \u0394S <sub>syst1<\/sub> + \u0394S <sub>syst2<\/sub>\u304a\u3088\u3073 \u0394S <sub>ext<\/sub> = 0 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><sub>\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f<\/sub>\u0394S = \u0394S <sub>syst1<\/sub> + \u0394S <sub>syst2<\/sub><\/p><p> \u0394S <sub>syst1<\/sub> = Q1\/T1<\/p><p> \u0394S <sub>syst2<\/sub> = Q2\/T2 = -Q1\/T2<\/p><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001<sub>\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/sub>\u0394S = Q1\/T1 &#8211; Q1\/T2<\/p><p><strong><sub>\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/sub>\u0394S = Q1 (1\/T1 &#8211; 1\/T2)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u5909\u63db\u306f\u5143\u306b\u623b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><strong><sub>\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/sub>\u0394S = Q1 (1\/T1 &#8211; 1\/T2) &gt; 0<\/strong><\/p><p> T1 \u304c T2 \u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc \u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u6b63\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001Q1 \u304c\u8ca0\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001 <strong>syst1 \u304c<\/strong><strong>syst2<\/strong>\u306b\u71b1\u3092\u4f9b\u7d66\u3057\u3001syst2 \u304c\u71b1\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a<strong>\u71b1\u304c\u71b1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u51b7\u305f\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3078\u3068\u4f1d\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><p>\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106713\">\u5883\u754c<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=30606\">\u4ed8\u8fd1<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u306f T1 \u3068 T2 \u306e\u9593\u3067\u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\u7de9\u3084\u304b\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u30012 \u3064\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u9593\u3067\u6e29\u5ea6\u306f\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6e29\u5ea6\u52fe\u914d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001\u71b1\u4f1d\u9054\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u4ee5\u524d\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=52981\">\u5b9f\u8a3c<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6e29\u5ea6 T1 \u3068 T2 \u304c\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5909\u63db\u306f\u53ef\u9006\u5909\u63db (\u6e29\u5ea6<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72623\">\u5909\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044) \u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001<sub>\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/sub>\u0394S \u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=5522\">\u30bc\u30ed<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3046\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><ul><li><i>\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6709\u7528\u306a\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u7d50\u679c<\/i>:<\/li><\/ul><p>\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3068\u71b1\u306f\u72b6\u614b\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5024\u306f\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5909\u63db\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u6e29\u5ea6<strong>T<\/strong>\u3067\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5909\u63db\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3082\u540c\u3058\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001 <strong>W(r\u00e9v) \u2260 W(irrever) \u304a\u3088\u3073 Q(r\u00e9v) \u2260 Q(irrever) \u3067\u3059<\/strong>\u3002<\/p><p> \u0394S(syst) = Q(rev)\/T<\/p><p> \u0394S(\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0) &gt; Q(irrev)\/T<\/p><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001Q(rev) &gt; Q(irrev)<\/p><p>\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/p><p>\u0394U = W(rev)+Q(rev) = W(irrev) + Q(irrev)<\/p><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001W(rev)&lt; W(irrever) \u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=75485\">\u904b\u52d5<\/a><\/span>\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u3067\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7b26\u53f7\u306e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u306b\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5f79\u306b\u7acb\u3064\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=107991\">\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u4fa1\u5024<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> <strong>|W(\u56de\u8ee2)| &gt; |W(irrev)|<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u5909\u63db\u304c\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc \u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306f\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/strong>\u3002<\/p><p>\u6469\u64e6\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6f64\u6ed1\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6469\u64e6\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u7406\u7531\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/md2tM4zK7T4\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h2><span>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/span><\/h2><div><div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u30b5\u30c7\u30a3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30ce\u30fc (1796\u20131832)\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/oYy7cK82d98\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30b5\u30c7\u30a3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30ce\u30fc (1796\u20131832)<\/div><\/div><\/div><p>\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u306f 1824 \u5e74\u306b\u9061\u308a\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb \u30ab\u30eb\u30ce\u30fc\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=84429\">\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005<\/a><\/span>\u30b5\u30c7\u30a3 \u30ab\u30eb\u30ce\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002 <i>\u300c\u706b\u306e\u539f\u52d5\u529b\u3068\u3053\u306e\u529b\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6a5f\u68b0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u300d<\/i> \uff08\u30b5\u30c7\u30a3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30ce\u30fc\u306f\u71b1\u6a5f\u68b0\u3092\u6307\u3059\u306e\u306b\u706b\u6a5f\u68b0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u706b\u306e\u52d5\u529b\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u3092\u6700\u521d\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u5f7c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u6a5f\u68b0\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=12750\">\u71b1\u6e90<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u51b7\u71b1\u6e90\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u5dee\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u71b1\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=93205\">\u6d41\u4f53<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u3001\u9664\u53bb\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3042\u308b\u7269\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u5225\u306e\u7269\u4f53\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7269\u8cea\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u9045\u308c\u306e\u30ab\u30ed\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u601d\u8003\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u60f3\u50cf\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u539f\u5247: \u6e29\u5ea6<span><i>T<\/i> <sub>1<\/sub><\/span>\u306e\u9ad8\u6e29\u6e90\u3068\u6e29\u5ea6<span><i>T<\/i> <sub>2<\/sub><\/span>\u306e\u4f4e\u6e29\u6e90\u3067\u52d5\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u71b1\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u6700\u5927\u52b9\u7387<span>\u03b7<\/span>\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p><center><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\eta = 1 &#8211; \\frac{T_2}{T_1}} $$<\/div><\/center><p><i>\u30c7\u30e2\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/i><\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ab\u30eb\u30ce\u30fc\u52b9\u7387\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b5\u30fc\u30df\u30c3\u30af \u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u306e\u5468\u671f\u7684\u304b\u3064\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u4f5c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u4e2d\u3001 <strong>T <sub>1<\/sub><\/strong>\u306e\u71b1\u6e90\u306f\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3 \u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u71b1\u91cf<strong>Q <sub>1 \u3092<\/sub><\/strong>\u4f9b\u7d66\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4ed5\u4e8b<strong>W<\/strong>\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3001\u71b1\u91cf<strong>Q <sub>2 \u304c<\/sub><\/strong><strong>T <sub>2<\/sub><\/strong>\u306e\u51b7\u71b1\u6e90\u306b\u623b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u306f\u5468\u671f\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u521d\u671f\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=91963\">\u5185\u90e8<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=54845\">\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u72b6\u614b\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059: <strong>\u0394U = 0<\/strong> \u3002<\/p><ul><li>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046: <strong>\u0394U = Q <sub>1<\/sub> + Q <sub>2<\/sub> + W = 0<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001 <strong>W = &#8211; (Q <sub>1<\/sub> + Q <sub>2<\/sub> )<\/strong><\/p><ul><li> 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u304c\u53ef\u9006\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001 <strong>\u0394S(syst) + \u0394S(ext) = 0 \u3068<\/strong>\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li><\/ul><p> Q <sub>1<\/sub> \/T <sub>1<\/sub> + Q <sub>2<\/sub> \/T <sub>2<\/sub> = 0 \u304a\u3088\u3073<strong>Q <sub>2<\/sub> \/Q <sub>1<\/sub> = &#8211; T <sub>2<\/sub> \/T <sub>1<\/sub><\/strong><\/p><p>\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u306f\u3001\u4f9b\u7d66\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4ed5\u4e8b (\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024) \u3068\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u71b1\u306e\u6bd4\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> \u03b7 = |W| \/Q <sub>1<\/sub> = |-(Q <sub>1<\/sub> + Q <sub>2<\/sub> )|\/Q <sub>1<\/sub> = 1 + Q <sub>2<\/sub> \/Q <sub>1<\/sub> \u3002<\/p><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001 <strong>\u03b7 = 1 &#8211; T <sub>2<\/sub> \/T <sub>1<\/sub><\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u53ce\u7387\u304c\u53ef\u9006<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=103243\">\u30ab\u30eb\u30ce\u30fc\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3046\u307e\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5230\u9054\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u306e\u6700\u5927\u53ce\u7387\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/p><p><i>\u5099\u8003<\/i><\/p><ul><li>\u3053\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u3001T <sub>1<\/sub> = T <sub>2<\/sub>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u52b9\u7387\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5358<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106167\">\u71b1\u71b1<\/a><\/span>\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u71b1\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6e29\u5ea6\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=37772\">\u84b8\u6c17\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u306e\u6700\u5927\u52b9\u7387\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 T <sub>1<\/sub> = 373K \u304a\u3088\u3073 T <sub>2<\/sub> = 298K \u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u03b7 = 0.2 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li><\/ul><h2><span>\u7b2c 2 \u539f\u5247\u306e\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3068\u7d50\u679c<\/span><\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/BQ6ABXrexNc\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h3><span>\u30a8\u30af\u30b9\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u8ee2\u9001<\/span><\/h3><p>2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306e\u5225\u306e\u3001\u3088\u308a\u300c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306a\u300d\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u3001\u4e21\u7aef\u304c\u5bc6\u9589\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e2d\u7a7a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=74091\">\u5186\u7b52\u3092<\/a><\/span>\u60f3\u50cf\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30b7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u5185\u3067\u30d4\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u304c\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u52d5\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u60f3\u50cf\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30d4\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u3092\u5de6\u306b\u52d5\u304b\u3059\u3068\u3001\u5de6\u5074\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u306f\u5727\u529b\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=71631\">\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c<\/a><\/span>\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9006\u306b\u3001\u53f3\u5074\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u306f\u5727\u529b\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u3001\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d4\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u3092\u653e\u3059\u3068\u3001\u30d4\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5e73\u8861\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u53f3\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=41580\">\u79fb\u52d5\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5727\u90e8\u5206\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u4f4e\u5727\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306e\u96c6\u4e2d\u91cf\u306f\u5727\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306e\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u91cf\u306f\u4f53\u7a4d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u305b\u3070\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u306f\u30012 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306e\u5225\u306e\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6b21\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><strong>\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u3001\u5f37\u5ea6\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9ad8\u5f37\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u4f4e\u5f37\u5ea6\u3078\u6d41\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/strong>\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408: <strong>\u03b4W = &#8211; p.dV<\/strong><\/p><p>\u7570\u306a\u308b\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3092\u6301\u3064 2 \u3064\u306e\u7269\u4f53\u3092\u63a5\u89e6\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u96fb\u8377\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb (\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u306a\u91cf) \u304b\u3089\u6700\u3082\u4f4e\u3044\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb (\u5927\u91cf\u306e\u91cf) \u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 <strong>dE = v.dq.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e 2 \u3064\u306e\u71b1\u6e90\u304c\u63a5\u89e6\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u71b1\u304c\u9ad8\u6e29\u71b1\u6e90\u304b\u3089\u4f4e\u6e29\u71b1\u6e90\u306b\u6d41\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u71b1\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u3067\u3059: <strong>\u03b4Q = T.dS\u3002<\/strong><\/p><h3><span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u539f\u7406\u3068\u30ab\u30aa\u30b9<\/span><\/h3><p>\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=54039\">\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b<\/a><\/span>\u9769\u547d\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3001\u7a4d\u5206<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=11764\">\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u30e9\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u306b\u7d42\u6b62\u7b26\u3092\u6253\u3063\u305f\u3001<i>\u5fae\u8996\u7684\u306a<\/i>\u5074\u9762\u304b\u3089\u7b2c 2 \u539f\u7406\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p> <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=34600\">\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30fb\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u7d71\u8a08<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=71097\">\u591a\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u306e <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=104815\">\u533a\u5225\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u7c92\u5b50<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u63a8\u8ad6\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u72b6\u614b<strong>\u03a9<\/strong>\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u306e\u516c\u5f0f<strong>S = k <sub>b<\/sub> .ln \u03a9<\/strong>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066 (\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u306b) \u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> <strong>\u03a9 \u306f<\/strong>\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u89b3\u5bdf\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u6570\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u30dd\u30a2\u30f3\u30ab\u30ec\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb<\/span><\/h3><p>\u6709\u540d\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=17102\">\u6570\u5b66\u8005<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=16350\">\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea\u30fb\u30dd\u30a2\u30f3\u30ab\u30ec\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u30011890 \u5e74\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a<span>\u5b9a\u7406<\/span>\u3092\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u521d\u671f\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u7121\u5236\u9650\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u6f38\u5316\u5b9a\u7406\u300d\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5b9a\u7406\u306b<span>\u53cd\u5bfe<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002 2\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5316\u306f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e00\u898b\u653b\u7565\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5b9a\u7406\u306b\u5bfe\u6297\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u306f 100 cm <sup>3<\/sup>\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=40022\">\u30ac\u30b9\u304c<\/a><\/span>\u521d\u671f\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u623b\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=82055\">\u6642\u9593\u3092<\/a><\/span>\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f 10 <sup>E10<\/sup>\u5e74\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f !!!\u30dd\u30a2\u30f3\u30ab\u30ec\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u7dca\u6025\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3060\u3051\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff08\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u304c\u4e71\u308c\u305f 52 \u679a\u306e\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u306e\u7bb1<\/span><\/h3><p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=109019\">\u76f4\u5f84<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066 2 \u3064\u306e\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3001\u540c\u3058\u534a\u5f84 r \u306e N \u500b\u306e\u767d\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\u3068 N \u500b\u306e\u9ed2\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5e95\u9762\u3067\u6469\u64e6\u306a\u3057\u3067\u6ed1\u308b\u3001\u5e73\u3089\u3067\u6c34\u5e73\u306a\u5186\u5f62\u306e\u7bb1\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u901a\u904e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u76f4\u5f84\u3092 2r \u4ee5\u4e0a\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u632f\u3063\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u9054\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8 1 \u306b N\/2 \u500b\u306e\u767d\u3044\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\u3068 N\/2 \u500b\u306e\u9ed2\u3044\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u3042\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u8a08\u308a\u77e5\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5909\u52d5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f N \u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u307b\u3069<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=108705\">\u7d76\u5bfe<\/a><\/span>\u5024\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\sqrt{N}} $$<\/div> \u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001N \u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u306f N \u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u7121\u8996\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5404\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u5404\u8272\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u306f N\/2 \u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u9032\u5316\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u5747\u8cea\u5316\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u9032\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u30012 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5225\u306e\u5074\u9762\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"ref_link\">\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2><ol><li><a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tweede_wet_van_termodinamika\">Tweede wet van termodinamika \u2013 afrikaans<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 arabe<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Segundu_principiu_de_la_termodin%C3%A1mica\">Segundu principiu de la termodin\u00e1mica \u2013 asturien<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Termodinamikan%C4%B1n_ikinci_qanunu\">Termodinamikan\u0131n ikinci qanunu \u2013 azerba\u00efdjanais<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96\">\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0456 \u043f\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0442\u044d\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0456 \u2013 bi\u00e9lorusse<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0\">\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u2013 bulgare<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"feature-video\">\n <h2>\n  \u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"video-item\">\n  \n  <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n   <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u3010\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u89e3\u8aac\u3011\u306a\u3093\u304b\u30ab\u30c3\u30b3\u3044\u3044\u300e\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247\u300f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3044\u306a\u306b\uff1f\u3010\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u8d85\u89e3\u8aac\uff01\u3011\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9Ev0DTHcEho?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n   <\/div>\n  <\/figure>\n  \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u539f\u7406 \u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u30bc\u30ed\u539f\u7406 \u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6cd5\u5247 \u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247 \u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u6cd5\u5247 \u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c 2 \u6cd5\u5247(\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c 2 \u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059) \u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u71b1\u4ea4\u63db\u4e2d\u306e\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30011824 \u5e74\u306b\u30b5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18673,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/9Ev0DTHcEho\/0.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[20496,11,13,14,10,4392,12,9874,20495,16,15],"class_list":["post-18672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dictionary","tag-deuxieme","tag-techniques","tag-technologie","tag-news","tag-actualite","tag-principe","tag-dossier","tag-thermodynamique","tag-deuxieme-principe-de-la-thermodynamique","tag-sciences","tag-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18672"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18672"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18672\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18673"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}