{"id":26334,"date":"2024-08-08T13:30:22","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T13:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E4%B8%8D%E6%9D%A1%E7%90%86%E3%81%AA%E6%8E%A8%E8%AB%96-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\/"},"modified":"2024-08-08T13:30:22","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T13:30:22","slug":"%E4%B8%8D%E6%9D%A1%E7%90%86%E3%81%AA%E6%8E%A8%E8%AB%96-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=26334","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6 &#8211; \u5b9a\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><div><p><strong>\u4e0d\u6761\u7406<\/strong>(\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e<i>reductio ad absurdum<\/i>\u306b\u7531\u6765) \u307e\u305f\u306f<strong>\u30a2\u30d1\u30b4\u30b8\u30fc<\/strong>(\u53e4\u4ee3\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u306e<i>apag\u00f4g\u00ea<\/i>\u306b\u7531\u6765) \u306b\u3088\u308b\u63a8\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u88dc\u7684\u306a\u547d\u984c\u306e\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u5b9f\u6027\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068 (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3001 \u300c\u53cd\u5bfe\u306b\u300d\uff09\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6f14\u7e79\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5225\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30a2\u30d1\u30b4\u30b8\u30fc<\/span><\/h2><p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=52981\">\u3001<\/a><\/span>\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u5b9f\u6027\u3092\u80af\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u8a3c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u305d\u308c\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u540c\u5316\u30b8\u30fc\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8ad6\u8a3c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u865a\u507d\u304b\u3089\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u771f\u5b9f\u3078\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30ce\u30b6\u306f\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u300c\u7269\u8cea\u306e\u751f\u7523\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08<i>\u502b\u7406\u5b66<\/i>I\u3001\u547d\u984cVI\u3001\u5e30\u7d50\uff09\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u304c\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u305d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u3001\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3082\u306f\u3084\u7269\u8cea\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u3067\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u3053\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u5236\u9650<\/span><\/h3><p>\u3053\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u547d\u984c\u304c 2 \u3064\u3057\u304b\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305a\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u4e00\u65b9\u304c\u5fc5\u305a\u507d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9006\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\u6b63\u5f53\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u30b8\u30ec\u30f3\u30de\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u8a6d\u5f01\u306b\u5815\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002A\u3001B\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f C \u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3001B \u3068 C \u304c\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3001\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066 A \u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059 (\u3053\u308c\u306f\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306b\u9078\u8a00\u7684\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059)\u63a8\u8ad6 ( <i>modus tollendo-ponens<\/i> )\u3002<\/p><p>\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=43578\">\u89b3\u70b9<\/a><\/span>\u304b\u3089<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=98747\">\u898b\u308b<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u306f\u5e38\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=39606\">\u76f4\u63a5\u8ad6\u8a3c<\/a><\/span>\u3088\u308a\u52a3\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5fc3\u3092\u675f\u7e1b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5fc3\u3092\u5553\u767a\u305b\u305a\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8a3c\u660e\u3084\u76f4\u793a\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u305f\u308a\u539f\u5247\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u77db\u76fe\u8005\u3092\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u53cd\u8ad6\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6 - \u5b9a\u7fa9\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/P0RF1aRoCo4\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h3><span>\u6570\u5b66\u3078\u306e\u5fdc\u7528<\/span><\/h3><p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a3c\u660e\u306f\u3001\u5225\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u306b\u304f\u3044\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5b9a\u7406\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6570\u5b66\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5f01\u8b77\u7684\u8a3c\u660e\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6392\u4e2d\u539f\u7406\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u76f4\u89b3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p><p>\u547d\u984c<i>p \u3092<\/i>\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u304c<i>p \u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/i>(\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001 <i>p<\/i>\u304c\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b) \u3068<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=57519\">\u8ad6\u7406<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=67369\">\u77db\u76fe<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001 <i>p \u306f<\/i>false \u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001fortiori \u306f true \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p><p>\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3001\u300c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b 0 \u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u6700\u5c0f\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=105983\">\u6709\u7406\u6570\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u3092\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u6b63\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=71097\">\u6709\u7406\u6570\u304c<\/a><\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070<i>r<\/i> <sub>0 \u304c<\/sub>\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001 <i>x<\/i> = <i>r<\/i> <sub>0<\/sub> \/2 \u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001 <i>x \u306f<\/i>\u6709\u7406\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b 0 \u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3001 <i>x \u306f<\/i>\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b<i>r<\/i> <sub>0<\/sub>\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001 <i>r<\/i> <sub>0 \u304c<\/sub><i>\u6700\u5c0f\u306e<\/i>\u6709\u7406\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5143\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<i>\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b 0 \u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u6709\u7406\u6570\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/i>\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=66499\">\u6570\u5b66\u7684<\/a><\/span><span>\u5bfe\u8c61<\/span>\u304c<i>\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068<\/i>\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3053\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u73cd\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u77db\u76fe\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u30012 \u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=93175\">\u5e73\u65b9\u6839<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u7121\u7406\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u3068\u3001\u30ab\u30f3\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u5b9f\u6570\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=57227\">\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u6027\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p><p>\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u8a3c\u660e\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=25552\">\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/a><\/span>\u547d\u984c<i>p<\/i>\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001 <i>p \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f<\/i>\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7279\u6027\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5371\u967a\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001 <i>p \u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/i>\u3053\u3068\u304c\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<i>q \u3092<\/i>\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u306b\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=40098\">\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5e73\u884c\u7dda\u306e<i>5 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u516c\u6e96<\/i>(\u5e73\u884c\u516c\u6e96\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059) \u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u516c\u6e96\u304b\u3089\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5b9f\u8a3c\u306e\u5931\u6557\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001 <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106611\">\u975e\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3092\u597d\u3080\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u63a8\u8ad6\u306f\u53e4\u5178\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u89b3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u6392\u9664\u4e2d\u8ad6\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u3068<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=82055\">\u540c\u6642\u306b<\/a><\/span>\u305d\u308c\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\neg p} $$<\/div>\u77db\u76fe\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001 <span><i>p<\/i><\/span>\u306e\u30c7\u30e2\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<i>\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b<\/i>\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\lnot \\lnot p} $$<\/div> \u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5f31\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=3204\">\u6570\u7406\u8ad6\u7406\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u306f\u3001<i>\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306e\u9084\u5143\u306f<\/i>\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><dl><dd>\u3082\u3057<dl><dd><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {S \\cup \\{ \\neg p \\} \\vdash F} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl><\/dd><dd>\u305d\u308c\u3067<dl><dd><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {S \\vdash p} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl><\/dd><\/dl><p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u3067\u306f\u3001 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\,p} $$<\/div>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3057\u305f\u3044\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\,S} $$<\/div> true \u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u30a2\u30b5\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u516c\u7406\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6700\u8fd1\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u5b9a\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059<div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\,p} $$<\/div>\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066<div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\,S} $$<\/div> ;\u305d\u308c\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u77db\u76fe\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u306a\u3089<div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\,F} $$<\/div> \u3001\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\,S} $$<\/div>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u63a8\u6e2c\u3057\u307e\u3059<div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\,p} $$<\/div> \u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6 - \u5b9a\u7fa9\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/K0HxDK5lZxc\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h2><span>\u30cd\u30ac\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30a2\u30d1\u30b4\u30b8\u30fc<\/span><\/h2><p>\u54f2\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u8003\u3048\u3092\u8ad6\u99c1\u3059\u308b\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f01\u8b77\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f<i>\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u3078\u306e\u9084\u5143\u304c<\/i>\u3088\u308a\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30d1\u30b4\u30b8\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u53cd\u99c1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u547d\u984c\u304c\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u7d50\u679c(\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u8eab\u307e\u305f\u306f\u771f\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b)\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u30a2\u30d1\u30b4\u30b8\u30fc\u3088\u308a\u3082\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306f\u4f4e\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=35670\">\u53cd\u5bfe\u304c<\/a><\/span>\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u65ad\u8a00\u3059\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001 <i>\u300c\u73cd\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u9ad8\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d<\/i>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u3092\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u73cd\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5b89\u3044<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=24142\">\u99ac\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u540c\u6642\u306b\u9ad8\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53cd\u8ad6\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u300c\u73cd\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u9ad8\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u306f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u8aa4\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u300c\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u624b\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u9ad8\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u304b\u3001\u300c\u73cd\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5b89\u3044\u300d\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p><p>\u305d\u308c\u307b\u3069\u53b3\u683c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u8a6d\u5f01\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=32366\">\u8ad6\u6587<\/a><\/span>\u3084\u6559\u7fa9\u306e\u60b2\u60e8\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3084\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6e80\u8db3\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u8ad6\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u5206\u6790\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u539f\u7406\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u8ad6\u7834\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u597d\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7a2e\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u306e\u7121\u6279\u5224\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=61221\">\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u3001<\/a><\/span>\u672c\u6765\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3080\u3057\u308d\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u306a\u5f01\u8a3c\u6cd5\u3084\u30ec\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u7591\u308f\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u30c8\u30ea\u30d3\u30a2<\/span><\/h2><p>\u300c\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u30ed\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u79d1\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u611a\u304b\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3044\u3044\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\uff08\u30b3\u30eb\u30b7\u30a7\uff09\u300d<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6 - \u5b9a\u7fa9\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/G8XVzaMKvgQ\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h2 class=\"ref_link\">\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2><ol><li><a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81\">\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u2013 arabe<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reductio_ad_absurdum\">Reductio ad absurdum \u2013 azerba\u00efdjanais<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83\">\u0414\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0434\u0443 \u2013 bi\u00e9lorusse<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4\">\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0434 \u2013 bulgare<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reductio_ad_absurdum\">Reductio ad absurdum \u2013 bosniaque<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reducci%C3%B3_a_l%27absurd\">Reducci\u00f3 a l&#8217;absurd \u2013 catalan<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"feature-video\">\n <h2>\n  \u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6 &#8211; \u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"video-item\">\n  \n  <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n   <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e9\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f | Chapter 1, \u6df1\u5c64\u5b66\u7fd2\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30d7\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tc8RTtwvd5U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n   <\/div>\n  <\/figure>\n  \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0d\u6761\u7406(\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u306ereductio ad absurdum\u306b\u7531\u6765) \u307e\u305f\u306f\u30a2\u30d1\u30b4\u30b8\u30fc(\u53e4\u4ee3\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u306eapag\u00f4g\u00ea\u306b\u7531\u6765) \u306b\u3088\u308b\u63a8\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u88dc\u7684\u306a\u547d\u984c\u306e\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26335,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/YnbZgS_OaBg\/0.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6 - \u5b9a\u7fa9","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[27791,11,13,10,14,410,27793,27788,12,16,15],"class_list":["post-26334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dictionary","tag-aphloia","tag-techniques","tag-technologie","tag-actualite","tag-news","tag-par","tag-absurde","tag-raisonnement-par-labsurde","tag-dossier","tag-sciences","tag-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26334"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26334"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26334\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/26335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}