{"id":66935,"date":"2024-01-30T22:59:59","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T22:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E5%B8%9D%E6%94%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AA%E3%83%93%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\/"},"modified":"2024-01-30T22:59:59","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T22:59:59","slug":"%E5%B8%9D%E6%94%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AA%E3%83%93%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=66935","title":{"rendered":"\u5e1d\u653f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9 &#8211; \u5b9a\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><div><h2>\u5c0e\u5165<\/h2><div><div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/ElDX4LJEdjU\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30ad\u30a8\u30d5\u306e\u8056\u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30fc\u30df\u30eb\u5927\u8056\u5802\u30011859 \u5e74\u304b\u3089 1889 \u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d\u30011852 \u5e74\u306b\u8a08\u753b\u304c\u627f\u8a8d<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/aWi58tcsUWg\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30af\u30ed\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30bf\u30c3\u30c8\u6d77\u8ecd\u5927\u8056\u5802\u30011903 \u5e74\u304b\u3089 1913 \u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/kvA6OdWrMU8\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u5927\u5929\u4f7f\u8056\u30df\u30ab\u30a8\u30eb\u6559\u4f1a (\u30ab\u30a6\u30ca\u30b9)\u30011891 \u5e74\u304b\u3089 1895 \u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5efa\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u99d0\u5c6f\u5730\u6559\u4f1a<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/OXuFLwXu-uE\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u7834\u58ca\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8056\u30c7\u30a3\u30df\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=47024\">\u5e1d\u90fd<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u521d\u671f\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\uff081861\u5e74\u304b\u30891866\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d\uff09<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/sUq1NKAr7Xs\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30cf\u30ea\u30b3\u30d5\u306e\u53d7\u80ce\u544a\u77e5<span>\u6559\u4f1a<\/span>(1888-1901)<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/vDBlaW1PJ5s\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30a2\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30cf\u30f3\u306e\u8056\u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u6559\u4f1a (1888-1904)<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/BEt8X6ERYMM\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30ab\u30b6\u30f3\u306e\u8056\u6bcd\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u30ce\u30f4\u30a9\u30c7\u30f4\u30a3\u30c1\u5893\u5730\u306b\u3042\u308b\uff081908-1915\uff09<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/p0fjD4nn9Vw\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u3067\u5efa\u8a2d\u4e2d\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6559\u4f1a<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/0PprN3nagXE\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><div>\u30ea\u30ac\u751f\u8a95\u5927\u8056\u5802<\/div><\/div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><p><b>\u65b0\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9\u306f<\/b>1850 \u5e74\u9803<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=45508\">\u306b<\/a><\/span>\u5e1d\u653f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb 2 \u4e16 (1855 \uff5e 1881 \u5e74) \u306e\u6cbb\u4e16\u4e2d\u306b\u5b97\u6559<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=30784\">\u5efa\u7bc9<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7279\u306b\u4eba\u6c17\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=73551\">\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30cc\u30b9\u30fb\u30c8\u30f3<\/a><\/span>\u4ee5\u6765\u6d41\u884c\u3057\u305f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u30fb\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u69d8\u5f0f\u306b\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb 3 \u4e16\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2 \u30ea\u30d0\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb\u69d8\u5f0f\u304c\u516c\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5bb6\u306b\u597d\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u6cbb\u4e16\u306e 13 \u5e74\u9593 (1881 \uff5e 1894 \u5e74) \u3068 1917 \u5e74\u307e\u3067\u7e41\u6804\u3092\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=100179\">\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9<\/a><\/span>\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u6d77\u5916\u3067\u3082\u9ad8\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3001\u30d0\u30eb\u30ab\u30f3\u534a\u5cf6\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7c73\u56fd\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306f\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u3068\u30af\u30ea\u30df\u30a2\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><h2>\u6b74\u53f2<\/h2><p>\u65b0\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95765\">\u4f55<\/a><\/span>\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5b97\u6559\u5efa\u7bc9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30a4 2 \u4e16\u306e\u6cbb\u4e16\u4e0b\u3067\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6570\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u5efa\u7269\u306f\u3001\u5de1\u793c\u8005\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u75c5\u9662\u3084\u4f4f\u5b85\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306f<span>\u30e2\u30b9\u30af\u30ef<\/span>\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72095\">\u30ad\u30a8\u30d5<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=6084\">\u99c5<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u59cb\u307e\u308a<\/span><\/h3><p>\u6025\u901f\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u5e1d\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30ca\u30dd\u30ec\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u52dd\u5229\u3057\u305f\u7687\u5e1d\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb 1 \u4e16\u306e\u6cbb\u4e16\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3067\u306f<i>\u30a8\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2 \u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb<\/i>\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u516c\u5171\u306e\u5efa\u7269\u3084\u516c\u5f0f\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306b\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305f\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30a4 1 \u4e16\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3001\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u8981\u7d20<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=101489\">\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f<\/a><\/span>\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95975\">\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u6298\u8877\u7684\u306a\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306f 1840 \u5e74\u4ee3\u304b\u3089 1850 \u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u5909\u308f\u308a\u76ee\u306b\u3001\u65b0\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u69d8\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\u30cd\u30aa\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af\u69d8\u5f0f (\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3084<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=88915\">\u30ed\u30b3\u30b3<\/a><\/span>\u3078\u306e\u56de\u5e30\u306a\u3069) \u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u69d8\u5f0f\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u30011850 \u5e74\u4ee3\u306f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u304c<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=37846\">\u6771\u65b9<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u897f\u6b27\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u9818\u571f\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=80407\">\u5357<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u6d77\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u5e1d\u56fd\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u305f\u4ed6\u306e\u5927\u56fd\uff08\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\uff09\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=91451\">\u9678\u4e0a<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u56fd\u5883\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3001\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30aa\u30b9\u30de\u30f3\u5e1d\u56fd<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=104395\">\u306e\u304f\u3073\u304d<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=102377\">\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u6b63\u7d71\u6d3e\u4f4f\u6c11\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=27752\">\u897f\u5074<\/a><\/span>\uff08\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3001\u65b0\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\uff09\u3001\u5357\u5074\uff08\u30b3\u30fc\u30ab\u30b5\u30b9\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=44746\">\u9ed2\u6d77<\/a><\/span>\u5468\u8fba\uff09\u306e\u9818\u571f\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u6771\u65b9\u554f\u984c\u306b\u4ecb\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u5e1d\u56fd\u3092\u5b64\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u305f\u30af\u30ea\u30df\u30a2\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u8005\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3002\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u82b8\u8853\u3068\u3001<i>\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u75c5\u4eba<\/i>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30aa\u30b9\u30de\u30f3\u5e1d\u56fd\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u8056\u5730\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u5411\u3051\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u30eb\u30fc\u30c4\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=85767\">\u5927\u304d\u304f<\/a><\/span>\u53cd\u7701\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u30eb\u30fc\u30c4\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3084\u4ed6\u306e\u6b27\u5dde\u5217\u5f37\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=15958\">\u5927\u56fd<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u306b\u3082\u53ca\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\uff08\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306f\u7d71\u4e00\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3057\u6c4e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=5554\">\u30c0\u30a4\u30ca\u30df\u30af\u30b9<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=107393\">\u904e\u7a0b<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\uff09\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u5927\u9678\u3067\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u5e1d\u56fd\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\uff1d\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc\u306f\u30d0\u30eb\u30ab\u30f3\u534a\u5cf6\u3067\u7af6\u4e89\u76f8\u624b\u306e\u3075\u308a\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9\u306f\u3001\u5927\u56fd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u904b\u547d\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u305f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u5e1d\u56fd\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=13234\">\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p><p>\u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30a41\u4e16\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306b\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u643a\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u7f8e\u8853\u3092\u597d\u307e\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u524d\u9762\u306b\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3046<span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u7f8e\u8853\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc<\/span>\uff08<i>\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30a6\u30e0<\/i>\uff09\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u516c\u5f0f\u306b\u627f\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u30011852 \u5e74\u306b\u30ad\u30a8\u30d5\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8056\u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30fc\u30df\u30eb\u5927\u8056\u5802\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ce\u30f4\u30b4\u30ed\u30c9\u5927\u5e1d\u306e\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u69d8\u5f0f\u3068\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30ce\u30fc\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u30a2\u30e4\u30bd\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u7684\u306a\u8cc7\u91d1\u3067\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6226\u4e89\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8cc7\u91d1\u4e0d\u8db3\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u306f 30 \u5e74\u5f8c\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30eb\u30ca\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u306e\u30e9\u30c9\u30cd\u30b8\u8056\u30bb\u30eb\u30ae\u30a6\u30b9\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u304c 1859 \u5e74\u306b<span title=\"\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30bb\u30a4\u30fb\u30b4\u30eb\u30ce\u30b9\u30bf\u30a8\u30d5 (\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)\">\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30bb\u30a4 \u30b4\u30eb\u30ce\u30b9\u30c6\u30a4\u30a8\u30d5<\/span>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u5bae\u6bbf\u306b\u5c0f\u3055\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=24840\">\u793c\u62dd\u5802\u304c<\/a><\/span>1860 \u5e74\u306b\u30b0\u30ea\u30b4\u30fc\u30ea \u30ac\u30ac\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u7687\u5e1d\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=60449\">\u6b7b\u5f8c<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ea\u30fc\uff09\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u52c5\u8a31<\/span><\/h3><p>\u30b0\u30ea\u30b4\u30ea\u30fb\u30ac\u30ac\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u738b\u5b50\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30ce\u30fc\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u5d07\u9ad8\u306a\u9580\u3068\u30b3\u30fc\u30ab\u30b5\u30b9\u3067\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u71b1\u5fc3\u306a\u64c1\u8b77\u8005\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u306e\u907a\u7523\u3068\u30b3\u30fc\u30ab\u30b5\u30b9\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u3001\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7687\u540e\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u7fa9\u59b9\u306e\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30a8\u30f4\u30ca\u5927\u516c\u5983\u306b\u4ed5\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6559\u990a\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5927\u516c\u5983\u306f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7f8e\u8853<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=73875\">\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u4f1a\u9577\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7687\u540e\u306f 1856 \u5e74\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u3053\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u71b1\u610f\u3092\u8868\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u69d8\u5f0f\u3067\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u5e83\u5834\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30b5\u30ed\u30cb\u30ab\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30df\u30c8\u30ea\u306b\u6367\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6559\u4f1a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 1861 \u5e74\u304b\u3089 1866 \u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u30f3 \u30af\u30ba\u30df\u30f3 (1811-1867) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30ce\u30fc\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u30a2\u30e4\u30bd\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u6e96\u62e0\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7acb\u65b9\u4f53\u69cb\u9020\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=96383\">\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30dd\u30e9<\/a><\/span>\u578b\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=17914\">\u30c9\u30fc\u30e0<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30af\u30ba\u30df\u30f3\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306e 2 \u3064\u306e\u5f8c\u9663\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b 4 \u3064\u306e\u5f8c\u9663\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 David Grimm (1823-1898) \u306f\u5341\u5b57\u578b\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f 1858 \u5e74\u304b\u3089 1879 \u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30ad\u30a8\u30d5\u306e\u8056\u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30fc\u30df\u30eb\u306e\u6d17\u793c\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30bf\u30a6\u30ea\u30c7\u306e\u30b1\u30eb\u30bd\u30cd\u30b7\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u907a\u8de1\u306b\u3001\u30b1\u30eb\u30bd\u30cd\u30fc\u30bc\u306e\u8056\u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30fc\u30df\u30eb\u5927\u8056\u5802\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb 2 \u4e16\u304c\u3053\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u5bc4\u8d08\u8005\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b0\u30ea\u30e0\u306f\u7687\u540e\u3068\u7fa9\u7406\u306e\u59b9\u304b\u3089\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3082\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30e1\u30cb\u30a2\u3068\u30b0\u30eb\u30b8\u30a2\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=48978\">\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5efa\u7bc9<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u60c5\u71b1\u3092\u6ce8\u3044\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u591a\u89d2\u5f62\u306e\u5f8c\u9663\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u9769\u65b0\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u6ce8\u6587\u306f\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u306a\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5de5\u4e8b\u306f\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u6cbb\u4e16\u307e\u3067\u5ef6\u671f\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001<span title=\"\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30bb\u30a4\u30fb\u30a2\u30f4\u30c7\u30fc\u30a8\u30d5 (\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)\">\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30bb\u30a4\u30fb\u30a2\u30f4\u30c7\u30fc\u30a8\u30d5<\/span>\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u30011862 \u5e74\u306b\u627f\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30bb\u30f4\u30a1\u30b9\u30c8\u30dd\u30ea\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u30011873 \u5e74\u304b\u3089 1888 \u5e74\u307e\u3067\u3057\u304b\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30c7\u30a4\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b0\u30ea\u30e0\u81ea\u8eab\u30011871 \u5e74\u306b\u7740\u5de5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c1\u30d5\u30ea\u30b9 (\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30c8\u30d3\u30ea\u30b7) \u306e<span title=\"\u30c8\u30d3\u30ea\u30b7\u306e\u8056\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u30fb\u30cd\u30d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u5927\u8056\u5802 (\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)\">\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u6b63\u6559\u306e\u5927\u8056\u5802<\/span>\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u306e\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 -1872 \u5e74\u306b\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5de5\u4e8b\u306f 1889 \u5e74\u307e\u3067\u4e2d\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021897 \u5e74\u306b\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u30011930 \u5e74\u306b\u30bd\u9023\u5f53\u5c40\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7834\u58ca\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u71b1\u610f<\/span><\/h3><p>\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306f\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb3\u4e16\u306e\u6cbb\u4e16\u4e0b\u3067\u7e41\u6804\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5165\u308a\u3001\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6b63\u6559\u4f1a\u306f 13 \u5e74\u9593\u3067 5,000 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u793c\u62dd\u6240<span>\u3092\u64c1\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u90fd\u5e02\u306f\u30b7\u30d9\u30ea\u30a2\u3067\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3001\u5357\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=87799\">\u4e2d\u592e<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95303\">\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5e1d\u56fd\u306e\u897f\u5074\u306e\u9818\u571f\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1894 \u5e74\u306e\u5e1d\u56fd\u306b\u306f 47,419 \u306e\u6b63\u6559\u4f1a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001695 \u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u5927\u8056\u5802\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5bb6\u304c\u597d\u3093\u3060\u65b0\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u69d8\u5f0f\u3067\u5efa\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u5168\u571f\u3067\u6d41\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u6b74\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u69d8\u5f0f\u306b\u3082\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u8840\u306e\u4e0a\u306e\u8056\u6551\u4e16\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f 2 \u3064\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306f\u65b0\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u7684\u306a\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb 3 \u4e16\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u3001\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=7692\">\u8da3\u5473<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3057\u3066<span title=\"\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d1\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9 (\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)\">\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9 \u30d1\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9<\/span>\u306e\u65b0\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u7684\u306a\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u904e\u53bb10\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u6a21\u5023\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u308c\u3089 5,000 \u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u793c\u62dd\u6240\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306e\u4fe1\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u79c1\u7684\u306b\u8cc7\u91d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u5049\u4eba\u3084\u4e3b\u8981\u6a5f\u95a2\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5bc4\u4ed8\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56fd\u306e\u8cc7\u91d1\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7687\u5c45\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u307b\u3093\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u99d0\u5c6f\u8ecd\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u3068\u6d77\u8ecd\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u5c06\u6821\u3001\u5e1d\u56fd\u306e\u5049\u4eba\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\u7687\u5e1d\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u91d1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5171\u540c\u51fa\u8cc7\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u306a\u8cfc\u8aad\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u904b\u55b6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u304c\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u5bc4\u4ed8\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4ecb\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30b8\u30a2\u306e<span title=\"\u30de\u30f3\u30b0\u30ea\u30b7 (\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)\">\u30de\u30f3\u30b0\u30ea\u30b7<\/span>\u306b\u3042\u308b\u7b2c 13 \u6b69\u5175\u9023\u968a\u306e\u5b88\u5099\u968a\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u3001900 \u4eba\u306e\u4fe1\u8005\u3092\u53ce\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8cbb\u7528\u306f 32,260 \u30eb\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061 10,000 \u30eb\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306f\u56fd\u5eab\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u65b0\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3092\u597d\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb3\u4e16\u304c\u5acc\u3063\u305f\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u30d0\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u69d8\u5f0f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u8efd\u8511\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306b\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u7684\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u8a31\u5bb9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u59a5\u5354\u70b9\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=79383\">\u5efa\u7bc9\u5bb6<\/a><\/span><span title=\"\u30f4\u30a1\u30b7\u30ea\u30fb\u30b3\u30b7\u30e3\u30b3\u30d5 (\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)\">\u30f4\u30a1\u30b7\u30ea\u30fb\u30b3\u30b7\u30a2\u30b3\u30d5\u306f<\/span>\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u64c1\u8b77\u8005\u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30a4\u30fb\u30bd\u30a6\u30eb\u30bf\u30ce\u30d5\u304b\u3089\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72515\">\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u5c02\u9580\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5efa\u7bc9\u5bb6\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=71097\">\u591a\u304f<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30cf\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u8056\u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30fc\u30df\u30eb\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306f 1888 \u5e74\u306b\u627f\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u65b0\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u3082\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u6cbb\u4e16\u306e\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u6700\u3082\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4f8b\u306f\u30013 \u3064\u306e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5730\u57df\u3067\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 1 \u3064\u76ee\u306f\u897f\u306e\u65e7\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u30f4\u30a3\u30eb\u30ce\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5357\u306e\u65b0\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066 3 \u3064\u76ee\u306f\u30a6\u30e9\u30eb\u65b9\u9762\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u30011891 \u5e74\u304b\u3089\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=60009\">\u30b7\u30d9\u30ea\u30a2\u9244\u9053<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u306b\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30af\u30c8\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30d6\u30eb\u30af<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=83163\">\u571f\u6728\u5de5\u5b66<\/a><\/span><span>\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span>\u306e\u5352\u696d\u751f\u3002\u30d9\u30c3\u30b5\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u306e\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30d9\u30eb\u30ca\u30eb\u30c0\u30c3\u30c4\u30a3\u3001\u30ea\u30c8\u30eb\u30fb\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30a4\u30a2\u30c1\u30a7\u30f3\u30b3\u3001\u30da\u30eb\u30df\u306e\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30c8\u30a5\u30eb\u30c1\u30a7\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c1\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5730\u5143\u306e\u4f8b\u3082\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059&#8230;\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5bb6\u306e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306f\u30015\u3064\u306e\u30c9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u30c9\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305f\u30af\u30ba\u30df\u30cd\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30b0\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4f8b\u5916\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30ea\u30b3\u30d5\u306e\u53d7\u80ce\u544a\u77e5\u6559\u4f1a\u3067\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=41428\">\u9418\u697c<\/a><\/span>\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306a\u304f\u30af\u30ec\u30e0\u30ea\u30f3\u306b\u6b21\u3044\u3067\u5e1d\u56fd\u3067\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u30d9\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9\u306f\u6c11\u9593\u5efa\u7bc9\u306b\u3082\u6d78\u900f\u3057\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u9867\u5ba2\u306e\u4f4f\u5b85\u3084\u5de5\u5834\u306f\u30ec\u30f3\u30ac\u3067\u5efa\u3066\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u6642\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30fc\u30b1\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u67f1\u3001\u30c9\u30fc\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u306e\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30f4\u30a3\u30af\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb \u30b7\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u4f5c\u306e<span title=\"\u30c8\u30d3\u30ea\u30b7 \u30aa\u30da\u30e9 (\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)\">\u30c6\u30a3\u30d5\u30ea\u30b9 \u30aa\u30da\u30e9 \u30cf\u30a6\u30b9<\/span>\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30cd\u30aa \u30ed\u30de\u30cd\u30b9\u30af\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u30e0\u30fc\u30a2\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u6df7\u3056\u308a\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u30fb\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u5efa\u7269\u3001\u75c5\u9662\u3001\u6c11\u5bb6\u304c\u6d41\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u8056\u8077\u8005\u306f\u30011876\u5e74\uff08\u30ab\u30eb\u30fc\u30ac\u306e\u30ab\u30b6\u30f3\u8056\u6bcd\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u304b\u30891898\u5e74\uff08\u30c9\u30ed\u30b4\u30df\u30ed\u30f4\u30a9\u306e\u30a8\u30d4\u30d5\u30a1\u30cb\u30fc\u5927\u8056\u5802\u30011898\u5e74\u304b\u30891910\u5e74\uff09\u307e\u3067\u3001\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u6559\u4f1a\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u63ee\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p><h3><span><span>\u4e16\u7d00<\/span>\u672b\u306e\u6298\u8877\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/span><\/h3><p>\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u7687\u5e1d\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u597d\u307f\u306f\u591a\u69d8\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u7f8e\u8853\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5efa\u7bc9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2 \u30ea\u30d0\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb \u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u597d\u304d\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6cd5\u5ef7\u3067\u306f\u8ab0\u3082\u7279\u5225\u306a\u512a\u5148\u6a29\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u4efb\u52d9\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u3068\u53e4\u5178\u304c\u878d\u5408\u3057\u305f\u30da\u30c6\u30eb\u30b4\u30d5\u306e\u30c0\u30fc\u30c1\u30e3\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6d77\u8ecd\u672c\u90e8\u306f\u30011913 \u5e74\u306b\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u4fee\u5fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5802\u3005\u3068\u3057\u305f\u30af\u30ed\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30bf\u30c3\u30c8\u6d77\u8ecd\u5927\u8056\u5802\u306a\u3069\u3001\u60b2\u60e8\u306a\u65e5\u9732\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u524d\u306b\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3092\u767a\u6ce8\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u7af6\u5408\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30cc\u30fc\u30f4\u30a9\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=63629\">\u5927\u304d\u304f<\/a><\/span>\u6d78\u900f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u5efa\u7bc9\u306b\u306f\u6d78\u900f\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u53e4\u5100\u5f0f\u6d3e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u5317\u6b27\u7248\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u82b8\u8853\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30ed\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30bf\u30c3\u30c8\u5927\u8056\u5802\u3001<span title=\"\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u30fb\u30bc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b3 (\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)\">\u30c4\u30a1\u30fc\u30ea\u30c4\u30a3\u30f3\u5927\u8056\u5802\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb<\/span>\u30bc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b3\u3068\u30ed\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30de\u30eb\u30c8\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30c9\u4f5c\u306e\u30dd\u30c6\u30a3\u5927\u8056\u5802\uff081905\uff5e1907\u5e74\uff09\uff08\u30b3\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u88dc\u5f37\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4fdd\u8b77\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30d6\u30eb\u30ac\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u30bd\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u8056\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30cd\u30d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u5927\u8056\u5802\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3002<\/p><p>\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u306b\u79fb\u6c11\u3057\u305f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b4\u30b9\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u56fd\u738b\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u304a\u304b\u3052\u3067\u30d0\u30eb\u30ab\u30f3\u534a\u5cf6\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u30cf\u30eb\u30d3\u30f3\u306b\u3042\u308b\u751f\u795e\u5973\u53d7\u80ce\u5927\u8056\u5802\u3092\u5efa\u3066\u305f\u3002<\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"ref_link\">\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2><ol><li><a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argitektuur\">Argitektuur \u2013 afrikaans<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/als.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Architektur\">Architektur \u2013 al\u00e9manique<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/am.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%88%95%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%BB\">\u1225\u1290 \u1215\u1295\u133b \u2013 amharique<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/an.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arquitectura\">Arquitectura \u2013 aragonais<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2013 arabe<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ary.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 arabe marocain<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"feature-video\">\n <h2>\n  \u5e1d\u653f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9 &#8211; \u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"video-item\">\n  \n  <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n   <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u3010\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u3011\u3000\u6771\u6b27\u7d76\u5bfe\u738b\u653f\uff13\u3000\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3000\uff08\uff11\uff19\u5206\uff09\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ElDX4LJEdjU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n   <\/div>\n  <\/figure>\n  \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5c0e\u5165 \u30ad\u30a8\u30d5\u306e\u8056\u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30fc\u30df\u30eb\u5927\u8056\u5802\u30011859 \u5e74\u304b\u3089 1889 \u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d\u30011852 \u5e74\u306b\u8a08\u753b\u304c\u627f\u8a8d \u30af\u30ed\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30bf\u30c3\u30c8\u6d77\u8ecd\u5927\u8056\u5802\u30011903 \u5e74\u304b\u3089 1913 \u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d \u5927\u5929\u4f7f\u8056\u30df\u30ab\u30a8\u30eb\u6559\u4f1a (\u30ab\u30a6\u30ca\u30b9)\u3001189 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66936,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/cAfPlkGnqGQ\/0.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"\u5e1d\u653f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u30cd\u30aa\u30d3\u30b6\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u5efa\u7bc9 - \u5b9a\u7fa9","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[32540,11,13,14,10,62407,62406,3078,12,325,8,16,15,9],"class_list":["post-66935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dictionary","tag-imperiale","tag-techniques","tag-technologie","tag-news","tag-actualite","tag-zoo-de-la-palmyre","tag-academie-de-besancon","tag-russie","tag-dossier","tag-architecture","tag-definition","tag-sciences","tag-article","tag-explications"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66935"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=66935"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66935\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/66936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=66935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=66935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=66935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}