{"id":69649,"date":"2023-12-09T10:27:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-09T10:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC\/"},"modified":"2023-12-09T10:27:09","modified_gmt":"2023-12-09T10:27:09","slug":"%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=69649","title":{"rendered":"\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><div><p><strong>\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/strong>(\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ec\u30f3\u30c4 \u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb) \u306f\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u540c\u3058\u7a7a\u9593\u8ef8\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u914d\u5411\u3057\u3001+M \u3068 &#8211; \u306e 2 \u3064\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5024\u306e\u307f\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u78c1\u6c17\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9855\u8457\u306a\u512a\u5148\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u6301\u3064\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f37\u3044<span>\u7570\u65b9\u6027\u3092<\/span>\u793a\u3059\u5f37\u78c1\u6027<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=87351\">\u6750\u6599<\/a><\/span>\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=77253\">\u78c1\u6027\u3092<\/a><\/span>\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u3082\u3046 1 \u3064\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u5408\u91d1\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001+M \u78c1\u6c17\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u539f\u5b50\u7a2e\u306e 1 \u3064\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3001-M \u78c1\u6c17\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u539f\u5b50<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=93809\">\u7a2e<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u79e9\u5e8f\u306f\u30012 \u3064\u306e\u7a2e\u306e\u9593\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=15396\">\u76f8<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=90407\">\u5206\u96e2<\/a><\/span>(<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72157\">\u4f4e\u6e29<\/a><\/span>\u76f8\u304c\u5e38\u306b -M \u307e\u305f\u306f +M \u306b\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u5834\u5408)\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u526f\u683c\u5b50\u306e 1 \u3064\u304c\u6b21\u306e\u539f\u5b50\u3092\u904b\u3076\u79e9\u5e8f\u76f8\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 1 \u3064\u306e\u7a2e (+M \u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8) \u3068\u3001\u3082\u3046 1 \u3064\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=40011\">\u526f\u683c\u5b50\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u4ed6\u306e\u7a2e\u306e\u539f\u5b50\u3092\u904b\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u76f8\u306f\u30012 \u3064\u306e\u7a2e\u304c\u6df7\u5408\u3059\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30b5\u30d6\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u304c\u7b49\u4fa1\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 2 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u79e9\u5e8f\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u9077\u79fb\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u3053\u306e\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001Bragg and Williams \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (1936 \u5e74) \u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e 3 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=99251\">\u6db2\u4f53<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=40022\">\u3068\u6c17\u4f53\u306e<\/a><\/span>\u8ee2\u79fb\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8 +M \u3092\u6301\u3064\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=86389\">\u539f\u5b50<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5360\u6709\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8 -M \u3092\u6301\u3064\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306f\u5360\u6709\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=41555\">\u78c1\u5834\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u539f\u5b50\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=93469\">\u78c1\u5834<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u3067\u8d77\u3053\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=52241\">\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=37332\">\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/a><\/span>\u6db2\u4f53\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6c17\u4f53\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u9593\u306e\u4e00\u6b21\u8ee2\u79fb\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u683c\u5b50\u30ac\u30b9 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u30cf\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> <span><i>J<\/i> <sub><i>i<\/i> <i>j<\/i><\/sub><\/span>\u306f\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4ea4\u63db<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=24860\">\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/a><\/span>\u3001 <span><i>h \u306f<\/i><\/span>\u78c1\u5834\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8fd1\u508d\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306e\u307f\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u72b6\u614b<\/span><\/h2><p><span><i>J<\/i> <sub><i>i<\/i> <i>j<\/i><\/sub> &gt; 0<\/span>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001 <span><i>h<\/i> = 0<\/span>\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=75151\">\u57fa\u5e95\u72b6\u614b\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u540c\u3058\u5024\u3092\u6301\u3064\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e8c\u90e8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u4e0a\u3067<span><i>J<\/i> <sub><i>i<\/i> <i>j<\/i><\/sub> &lt; 0<\/span>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u95a2\u6570\u3082\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3067\u306f\u5024<span><i>M<\/i><\/span>\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3067\u306f<span>&#8211; <i>M<\/i><\/span>\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u975e\u4e8c\u90e8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073<span><i>J<\/i> <sub><i>i<\/i> <i>j<\/i><\/sub> &lt; 0<\/span>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u9593\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=8170\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u632b\u6298\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d5\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 \u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u6ce2\u306f\u4e00\u610f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306a\u7e2e\u9000\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 (\u3053\u308c\u306f 2 \u6b21\u5143\u306e\u4e09\u89d2\u683c\u5b50\u4e0a\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 \u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3059)\u3002\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u6ce2\u306e\u7e2e\u9000\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059 (GH Wannier\u30011950)\u3002\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb (\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u304c\u77ed\u8ddd\u96e2\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30a8\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba \u30a2\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u304c\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30b7\u30a7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ab\u30fc\u30af\u30d1\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb) \u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u78c1\u6027\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u304c<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=79391\">\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u5e0c\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6750\u6599\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d5\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u79e9\u5e8f\u3092\u767a\u9054\u3055\u305b\u308b\u306e\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=28024\">\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=73243\">\u30b0\u30e9\u30b9<\/a><\/span>\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=103565\">\u679c\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u975e\u30d5\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u307f\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/MNDaLELP01Y\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h2><span>\u4e00<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=84871\">\u6b21\u5143<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p>1<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=20918\">\u6b21\u5143<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u4f1d\u9054\u884c\u5217\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u306f\u3001\u30ec\u30f3\u30c4\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=32366\">\u8ad6\u6587<\/a><\/span>(1925 \u5e74) \u306b\u9061\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=66649\">\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 Landau \u3068 Lifshitz \u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=54039\">\u7269\u7406\u7684<\/a><\/span>\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u77ed\u8ddd\u96e2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u6301\u3064<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95765\">1<\/a><\/span>\u6b21\u5143\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u6b63\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=54845\">\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u5e38\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=1544\">\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u76f8\u6bba\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f97\u3002 FJ \u30c0\u30a4\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a 1 \u6b21\u5143\u306e\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057<span><i>\u307e\u3057<\/i><sub><i>\u305f<\/i><i>\u3002<\/i><\/sub> <i>i<\/i> \u2212 <i>j<\/i> | <sup>\u2212\u03c3<\/sup><\/span> \u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001 <span>\u03c3 &lt; 2<\/span>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u3067\u79e9\u5e8f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001 <span>\u03c3 &gt; 2<\/span>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u3067\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 <span>\u03c3 = 2<\/span>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u307f\u3001\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 PW Anderson\u3001A. Yuval\u3001DR Hamman \u306b\u3088\u308b\u8fd1\u85e4\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001 <span>\u03c3 = 2<\/span>\u306e\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u8fd1\u85e4\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u9593\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001 <span>\u03c3 = 2<\/span>\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30d9\u30ec\u30b8\u30f3\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u3001\u30b3\u30b9\u30c6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c4\u3001\u30b5\u30a6\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u8ee2\u79fb\u3068\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u4e8c\u6b21\u5143<\/span><\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/jXeYTnm678I\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h3><span>\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56<\/span><\/h3><p>2 \u6b21\u5143\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001R. Peierls \u306f 1936 \u5e74\u306b\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30af\u30e9\u30de\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u30ef\u30cb\u30a8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8b70\u8ad6 (\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027) \u306b\u3088\u308a\u30011941 \u5e74\u306b\u3053\u306e\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u3068\u3044\u3046<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=81037\">\u610f\u5473<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u306e\u3001\u30bc\u30ed\u5834\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u89e3\u306f\u30011944 \u5e74\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=4802\">Lars Onsager<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002Onsager \u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u884c\u5217\u6cd5\u3092 2 \u6b21\u5143\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u306f\u884c\u5217<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=26454\">\u4ee3\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059 (Kerson Huang \u306e\u672c\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u5206\u89e3\u6280\u8853\u3092<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=43578\">\u958b\u767a\u3057\u3088<\/a><\/span>\u3046\u3068\u52aa\u3081\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30a6\u30d5\u30de\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306e\u306a\u3044 2 \u6b21\u5143\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092 1 \u6b21\u5143\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30df\u30aa\u30f3 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001Samuel \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30b0\u30e9\u30b9\u30de\u30f3\u4ee3\u6570\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001C. Itzykson \u3068 JM Drouffe \u306e\u8457\u66f8\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 Kac \u3068 Ward (1952) \u306b\u3088\u308b\u5225\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106339\">\u5206\u914d\u95a2\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u5217\u6319\u306b\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001Landau \u3068 Lifchitz \u306e\u8457\u66f8\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8ee2\u79fb\u6e29\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u79e9\u5e8f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=25840\">\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u6319\u52d5\u306f\u30011949 \u5e74\u306b Onsager \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002Onsager \u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=83793\">\u4e88\u60f3\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u30011952 \u5e74\u306b CN Yang \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30c6\u30d7\u30ea\u30c3\u30c4\u884c\u5217\u3068\u88dc\u984c de Szego \u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3001EW Montroll\u3001JC Ward\u3001RB \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u30011976 \u5e74\u306b Tracy\u3001McCoy\u3001Wu \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001Painlev\u00e9 III \u95a2\u6570\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 Tracy\u3001MacCoy\u3001Wu \u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u81e8\u754c\u70b9\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u975e\u81e8\u754c\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3082\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30de\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30ef\u30cb\u30a8\u53cc\u5bfe\u6027\u306f 1971 \u5e74\u306b L. Kadanoff \u3068 H. <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=13370\">Ceva<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=21882\">\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<\/a><\/span><span>\u03bc \u304c<\/span>\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9ad8\u6e29\u671f\u3067\u306f\u3001 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\langle \\sigma \\rangle=0} $$<\/div>\u305d\u3057\u3066<div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\langle \\mu \\ne 0} $$<\/div> \u3002\u9ad8\u6e29\u76f8\u3067\u306f\u72b6\u6cc1\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30e9\u30de\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30ef\u30cb\u30a8\u53cc\u5bfe\u6027\u306f\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3068\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4ea4\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059 (\u305d\u3057\u3066\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u6570\u3082\u4ea4\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059)\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u81e8\u754c\u73fe\u8c61<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=11998\">\u7406\u8ad6<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/h3><p>\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53ef\u6eb6\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u81e8\u754c\u6307\u6570\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u81e8\u754c\u6307\u6570\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304b\u3089\u6765\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u76f8\u95a2<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=17420\">\u9577<\/a><\/span>\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=25222\">\u81e8\u754c\u6307\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u306f<span>\u03bd = 1\/2<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u306f<span>\u03bd = 1<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5225\u306e\u4f8b\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f<span>\u03b2 = 1\/8<\/span> \u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f<span>\u03b2 = 1\/2<\/span>\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u9806\u5e8f\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=42582\">\u6307\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30012 \u6b21\u5143\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=48844\">\u7d71\u8a08<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=19376\">\u529b\u5b66\u304c<\/a><\/span>\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u81e8\u754c\u6319\u52d5\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30011960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u81e8\u754c\u70b9\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306e\u666e\u904d\u6027\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u4e0d\u5909\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e ME \u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u3001LP \u30ab\u30c0\u30ce\u30d5\u3001H. \u30a6\u30a3\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3078\u306e\u9053\u3092\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30a3\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u4eee\u8aac\u304b\u3089<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=61597\">\u751f\u3058\u308b<\/a><\/span>\u81e8\u754c\u6307\u6570\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6e80\u8db3\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30cf\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u95a2\u4fc2\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3059\u3002 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u76f8\u8ee2\u79fb\u306e <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=45050\">\u7e70\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u7fa4<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5171\u5f62\u4e0d\u5909\u6027<\/span><\/h3><p>\u4ed6\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e 2 \u6b21\u5143\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u81e8\u754c\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5171\u5f62\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u7279\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=10558\">\u96fb\u8377<\/a><\/span>\u306f<span><i>c<\/i> = 1\/2<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001(2 \u70b9\u95a2\u6570\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f) \u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e n \u70b9\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u81e8\u754c\u70b9\u3067\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5171\u5f62\u4e0d\u5909\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5171\u5f62<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=108253\">\u91cd\u307f<\/a><\/span>(1\/16,1\/16) \u306e\u78c1\u5316<span>\u03c3<\/span> \u3001\u30ab\u30c0\u30ce\u30d5\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5171\u5f62\u91cd\u307f (1 \/16.1\/16) \u306e Ceva <span>\u03bc<\/span>\u306e\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3001\u5171\u5f62\u91cd\u307f (1\/2.0) \u304a\u3088\u3073 (0.1\/2) \u3092\u6301\u3064\u30ab\u30a6\u30d5\u30de\u30f3 \u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30df\u30aa\u30f3\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<span>\u03c8<\/span>\u3068\u3001\u5171\u5f62\u91cd\u307f (1\/2 .1\/2) \u3092\u6301\u3064\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<span>\u03b5<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\sigma \\sigma \\sim 1 +\\epsilon~} $$<\/div><\/p><p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u88fd\u54c1\u306f\u30aa\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u88fd\u54c1\u958b\u767a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4ee3\u6570\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3057\u3066\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30df\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u5171\u5f62\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u5c0e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u5546\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066 Wess-Zumino-Witten \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u5546\u3067\u3059<div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {(SU(2)_1\\times SU(2)_1)\/SU(2)_2} $$<\/div> \u3002<\/p><p>\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5171\u5f62\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u3001 <span><i>h<\/i> \u03c3( <i>x<\/i> )<\/span>\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e71\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 AB \u30b6\u30e2\u30ed\u30c1\u30b3\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6442\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\u304c\u53ef\u7a4d\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u6442\u52d5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b<span>\u5927\u8cea\u91cf<\/span>\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u306e<span><i>S<\/i><\/span>\u884c\u5217\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u96fb\u8377<span><i>c<\/i> = 1 \/ 2<\/span>\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb \u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u81ea\u7531<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=100295\">\u30dc\u30bd\u30f3<\/a><\/span>\u7406\u8ad6\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=73465\">\u30aa\u30fc\u30d3\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u96fb\u8377<span><i>c<\/i> = 1<\/span>\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u9084\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u4e09\u6b21\u5143<\/span><\/h2><p>3\u6b21\u5143\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3060\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=59901\">\u7e70\u308a\u8fbc\u307f<\/a><\/span>\u7fa4\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u9077\u79fb\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306e\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u81e8\u754c\u6307\u6570\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6307\u6570\u306e\u8868\u306f\u3001C. Itzykson \u3068 JM Drouffe \u306e\u8457\u66f8\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=454\">\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 (\u30e2\u30f3\u30c6\u30ab\u30eb\u30ed) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305d\u306e\u81e8\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u56db\u6b21\u5143\u306a\u3069<\/span><\/h2><p>\u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u975e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u81e8\u754c\u6307\u6570\u304c\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u81e8\u754c\u6307\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7e70\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u7fa4\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u30014 \u306f\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u81e8\u754c\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u304c\u30cf\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7121\u9650\u7bc4\u56f2\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u89e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002 <\/p><center><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {H=-J\/N (\\sum_i \\sigma_i)^2~} $$<\/div><\/center><p>\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=96157\">\u7121\u9650\u306b<\/a><\/span>\u5411\u304b\u3046\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=71097\">\u591a\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u8fd1\u508d\u3068\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3059\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=28846\">\u78c1\u6c17\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u7121\u9650\u6b21\u5143\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7121\u9650\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u7121\u9650\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001Cayley<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=3544\">\u30c4\u30ea\u30fc<\/a><\/span>(Bethe \u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b) \u4e0a\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u8fd1\u508d\u306e\u6570\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u89e3<span>\u306f<\/span>Bethe-\u30d1\u30a4\u30a8\u30eb\u30b9<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=33686\">\u8fd1\u4f3c<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u81ea\u5df1\u77db\u76fe\u306e\u306a\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u306e\u6307\u6570\u3092\u518d\u73fe\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/x5GeQVuhW1w\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><h2><span>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8fd1\u508d\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=57227\">\u4e00\u9023<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u5206\u914d\u95a2\u6570<\/span><\/h2><p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6700\u3082\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5404\u77ac\u9593\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f +MH \u307e\u305f\u306f -MH \u306e\u5024\u306e\u307f\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001H \u306f\u5e73\u5747\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u5024\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p><center><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {Z=(e^{\\beta MH}+e^{- \\beta MH})^N  ~} $$<\/div><\/center><p>\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u78c1\u5316\u3001 <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=13104\">\u78c1\u5316\u7387<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u91cf\u306a\u3069\u3092\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8fd1\u508d\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5e73\u5747\u5834\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u9023\u9396\u306e\u5206\u914d\u95a2\u6570<\/span><\/h2><p>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u96a3\u63a5\u8981\u7d20\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306e\u6700\u3082\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u3001 <span><i>J<\/i> <i>M<\/i> <sub><i>i<\/i><\/sub> <i>M<\/i> <sub><i>i<\/i> + 1<\/sub><\/span>\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001J \u306f\u7d50\u5408\u5b9a\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5024<span><i>J<\/i> <i>M<\/i> <sup>2<\/sup><\/span>\u307e\u305f\u306f<span>&#8211; <i>J<\/i> <i>M<\/i> <sup>2<\/sup><\/span>\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p><center><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {E=\\sum_i HM_i+\\sum_iJM_iM_{i+1}~} $$<\/div><\/center><p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5206\u5272\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p><center><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {Z=\\sum_{\\{M_i\\}}\\exp(-\\beta \\sum_i (HM_i+JM_iM_{i+1}))~} $$<\/div><\/center><p>\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306a\u3057\u3067\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u9084\u5143\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5909\u6570<span><i>Mi<\/i><sub><i>\u3092<\/i><\/sub><\/span>\u5909\u6570\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002 <div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {M_i&#8217; ={M_i+M_{i+1}\\over 2}} $$<\/div> \u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001Z \u306e\u56e0\u6570\u5206\u89e3\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p><center><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {Z=\\sum_{\\{M_i&#8217;\\}}\\exp(\\beta \\sum_i (-HM_i&#8217;+2JM_i&#8217;^2-{JM^2\\over 2}))~} $$<\/div><\/center><center><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {=\\prod_i(\\sum_{val M_i&#8217;}\\exp(\\beta  (-HM_i&#8217;+2JM_i&#8217;^2-{JM^2\\over 2})))~} $$<\/div><\/center><p>\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6: <br\/><\/p><center><div class=\"math-formual notranslate\">$$ {\\exp(-\\beta {NJM^2\\over 2})(exp(\\beta(-HM+2JM^2))+exp(\\beta (HM+2JM^2))+1)^N ~} $$<\/div><\/center><p>\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3082\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><h2><span>\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8208\u5473<\/span><\/h2><p>1 \u6b21\u5143\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u30012 \u6b21\u5143\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u5927\u306a\u77e5\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059 (Onsager!)\u3002\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u4e09\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=9460\">\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=29962\">\u6750\u6599<\/a><\/span>\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=976\">\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=38628\">\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3092<\/a><\/span>\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u30a8\u30ec\u30ac\u30f3\u30c8\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306f\u6570\u5024\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9069\u3057\u305f\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e00\u898b\u5358\u200b\u200b\u7d14\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4eba\u6c17\u306b\u306f\u9a5a\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"ref_link\">\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2><ol><li><a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646\u062c \u2013 arabe<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3\">\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u2013 bulgare<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Model_Ising\">Model Ising \u2013 catalan<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ising-modellen\">Ising-modellen \u2013 danois<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ising-Modell\">Ising-Modell \u2013 allemand<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ising_model\">Ising model \u2013 anglais<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"feature-video\">\n <h2>\n  \u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"video-item\">\n  \n  <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n   <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u30106\u5206\u3067\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3011\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8a00\u8a9e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305fRAG\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\uff01\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NoM2JdOnYsA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n   <\/div>\n  <\/figure>\n  \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb(\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ec\u30f3\u30c4 \u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0 \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb) \u306f\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u540c\u3058\u7a7a\u9593\u8ef8\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u914d\u5411\u3057\u3001+M \u3068 &#8211; \u306e 2 \u3064\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5024\u306e\u307f\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u78c1\u6c17\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69650,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/GTSNLs1d2PY\/0.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"\u30a4\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[13114,11,13,10,14,986,12,16,15,13115],"class_list":["post-69649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dictionary","tag-modele-dising","tag-techniques","tag-technologie","tag-actualite","tag-news","tag-modele","tag-dossier","tag-sciences","tag-article","tag-ising"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69649"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=69649"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69649\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/69650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=69649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=69649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=69649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}