{"id":7324,"date":"2024-04-26T16:18:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T16:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB-%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E9%A7%85-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\/"},"modified":"2024-04-26T16:18:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T16:18:56","slug":"%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB-%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E9%A7%85-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=7324","title":{"rendered":"\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb – \u30aa\u30fc\u30e1\u30c3\u30bd\u30f3\u99c5 – \u5b9a\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5c0e\u5165<\/h2>
\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb – \u30aa\u30fc\u30e1\u30c3\u30bd\u30f3<\/th><\/tr>
\n\"\u5efa\u8a2d\u4e2d\u306e\u99c5\u306e\u65c5\u5ba2\u30d3\u30eb\u3002\"<\/figure><\/td><\/tr>
\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/th><\/tr>
\u56fd<\/th>\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9<\/td><\/tr>
\u5e02<\/th>\u30e2\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb<\/td><\/tr>
\u4f4f\u6240<\/a><\/span><\/th>2\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30b3\u30eb\u30c9<\/a><\/span>\u901a\u308a<\/a><\/span>95170 \u30c9\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30fb\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb<\/td><\/tr>
\u7ba1\u7406\u30fb\u904b\u55b6<\/th><\/tr>
\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/th>SNCF<\/a><\/span><\/td><\/tr>
\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<\/th><\/tr>
\u7279\u5fb4<\/th><\/tr>
\u884c<\/th>\u30b5\u30f3 \u30c9\u30cb – \u30dd\u30f3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba<\/td><\/tr>
\u30ec\u30fc\u30f3<\/th>2\u30ec\u30fc\u30f3<\/td><\/tr>
\u30c9\u30c3\u30af<\/th>2\u3064\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30c9\u30d7\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0<\/td><\/tr>
\u30a8\u30ea\u30a2<\/th>4 (\u30aa\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9)<\/td><\/tr>
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684<\/th><\/tr>
\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0<\/th>1891\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
\u5bfe\u5fdc<\/th><\/tr>
\u30d0\u30b9\u3068\u30ce\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3<\/a><\/span><\/th>\u898b\u308b<\/td><\/tr><\/table>

\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb – \u30aa\u30eb\u30e1\u30c3\u30bd\u30f3\u99c5<\/b>\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30cb\u304b\u3089\u30dd\u30f3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9244\u9053\u99c5\u3067\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30ec\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u7aef\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u30c9\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30fb\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb (\u30f4\u30a1\u30eb\u30fb\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u770c) \u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

SNCF \u306e\u99c5\u3067\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3 \u30d1\u30ea\u5317\u7dda<\/a><\/span>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af<\/a><\/span>(H \u7dda) \u306e\u5217\u8eca\u304c\u904b\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\n\"\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb<\/figure>

\u9244\u9053\u4e8b\u60c5<\/h2>

\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb – \u30aa\u30eb\u30e1\u30c3\u30bd\u30f3\u99c5\u306f\u30c9\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30fb\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u753a\u306e\u897f\u3001<\/a><\/span>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30ec\u30fb\u30d0\u30f3\u306e\u753a\u306e\u7aef\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u770c\u9053<\/a><\/span>928 \u53f7\u7dda\u304b\u3089\u5c11\u3057\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\u30e2\u30f3\u30e2\u30e9\u30f3\u30b7\u30fc\u6e13\u8c37<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u6771\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u30b5\u30f3 \u30c9\u30cb\u304b\u3089\u30dd\u30f3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u5730\u70b9<\/a><\/span>10.380 \u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30011859 \u5e74\u306b\u30b5\u30f3 \u30c9\u30cb\u304b\u3089\u30af\u30ec\u30a4\u30e6\u307e\u3067\u306e\u76f4\u901a\u533a\u9593\u304c\u958b\u901a\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306f\u30d1\u30ea<\/span>– \u30ea\u30fc\u30eb\u7dda\u306e\u65e7\u533a\u9593\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u3002<\/p>

\u30a8\u30d4\u30cd – \u30f4\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf\u30cc\u30fc\u30ba\u99c5\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e3\u30f3 \u30ec \u30d0\u30f3\u99c5\u306e\u624b\u524d\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\u99c5<\/h2>
\n\"\"<\/figure>
\u30d1\u30ea\u65b9\u9762\u3092\u898b\u305f\u5cb8\u58c1\u3002<\/div><\/div><\/div>

\u53d7\u4ed8\u3068\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<\/span><\/h3>

2010 \u5e74\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3\u306e<\/a><\/span>\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u6708\u66dc\u304b\u3089\u571f\u66dc\u306e\u5348\u524d 6 \u6642\u304b\u3089\u5348\u524d 1 \u6642 20 \u5206\u307e\u3067\u55b6\u696d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8074\u899a\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u7528\u306e\u78c1\u6c17\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u5099\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

2002 \u5e74\u306e 1 \u65e5\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u306f 2,500 \uff5e 7,500 \u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>

\u30c8\u30ed\u30ea\u30fc<\/span><\/h3>

\u3053\u306e\u99c5\u306b\u306f\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3 \u30d1\u30ea\u5317\u7dda\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af (H \u7dda) \u306e\u5217\u8eca\u304c\u4e57\u308a\u5165\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30aa\u30d5\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u6642\u306f15<\/a><\/span>\u5206\u306b 1 \u672c\u306e\u4e57\u5408\u30d0\u30b9\u5217\u8eca<\/span>\u304c\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u6642\u306f1 \u6642\u9593<\/a><\/span>\u306b 8 \u672c\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u304c\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\u5217\u8eca\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u5317\u99c5\u304b\u3089\u30dd\u30f3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u99c5\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30f4\u30a1\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ef\u99c5\u307e\u3067\u4ea4\u4e92\u306b\u904b\u884c\u3059\u308b\u4e57\u5408\u30d0\u30b9<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u901a\u5217\u8eca\u3068\u4e57\u5408\u30d0\u30b9\u304c\u4ea4\u4e92\u306b\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\u65c5\u306f\u3001 Z 6100<\/a><\/span> \u3001 Z 20500<\/a><\/span>\u307e\u305f\u306fZ 20900<\/a><\/span>\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u9244\u9053\u8eca\u4e21\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306fBB 17000<\/a><\/span> \u3001RIB \u307e\u305f\u306fVB 2N<\/a><\/span>\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u6a5f\u95a2\u8eca\u304c\u727d\u5f15\u3059\u308b\u5217\u8eca\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u5217\u8eca\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u5317\u99c5\u304b\u3089 9 \uff5e 15\u5206<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\u6b74\u53f2<\/h2>

\u30d1\u30ea – \u30ea\u30fc\u30eb\u7dda\u306f\u3001Compagnie des chemins de fer<\/a><\/span> du Nord<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066 1846 \u5e74 6 \u6708 20 \u65e5\u306b\u958b\u901a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30e2\u30f3\u30e2\u30e9\u30f3\u30b7\u30fc\u6e13\u8c37\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30c8\u30a5\u30a2\u30f3\u30fb\u30ed\u30fc\u30e2\u30fc\u30cc\u3067\u5317\u6771<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u3001\u30aa\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u6e13\u8c37\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30f3<\/a><\/span>\u30c9 \u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a4\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3059\u308b\u3088\u308a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306f 1859 \u5e74\u306b\u958b\u901a\u3057\u305f\u3070\u304b\u308a\u3067\u3001\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u3053\u306e\u53e4\u3044\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u306f\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u306a\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30eb\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30ec\u7d4c\u7531\u306e\u30a8\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u3068\u30f4\u30a1\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ef\u306e\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f<\/a><\/span>1876 \u5e74\u306b\u958b\u901a\u3057\u3001\u5f53\u521d\u306f\u5358\u7dda\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u30011889 \u5e74\u306b\u8907\u7dda\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>

\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb – \u30aa\u30eb\u30e1\u30c3\u30bd\u30f3\u505c\u7559\u6240\u306f<\/b>1891 \u5e74\u306b\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u3044\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u601d\u3044\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305b\u308b\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb<\/i>\u30fb\u30a2\u30fb\u30c9\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u5730\u533a\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30ec\u30fb\u30d0\u30f3\u5730\u533a\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6d88\u6ec5\u3057\u305f\u57ce<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30aa\u30eb\u30e1\u30c3\u30bd\u30f3\u3092<\/i>\u601d\u3044\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\u5317\u90e8\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3067\u306f\u30011958 \u5e74 12 \u6708 9 \u65e5\u306b\u30af\u30ec\u30a4\u30e6\u7d4c\u7531\u3067\u30d1\u30ea – \u30ea\u30fc\u30eb\u7dda\u306b\u96fb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u30011963 \u5e74\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30a8\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u7d4c\u7531\u3068\u30d1\u30ea – \u30df\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc – \u30af\u30ec\u30d4 \u30a2\u30f3 \u30f4\u30a1\u30ed\u30ef\u7d4c\u7531\u3067\u30d1\u30ea – \u30d6\u30ea\u30e5\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u7dda\u306b\u96fb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>

\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u5317 – \u30dd\u30f3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u9593\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u304c\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u3001\u5317\u90ca\u5916<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u5316<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u9032\u884c\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u4e57\u5ba2\u6570\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u9811\u4e08\u3060\u304c\u8cea\u5b9f\u525b\u5065\u306a\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u578b\u3092\u727d\u5f15\u3059\u308b\u84b8\u6c17<\/span>\u6a5f\u95a2\u8eca 141 TC \u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002 1969 \u5e74 4 \u6708\u304b\u3089 5 \u6708\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30ea – \u30dd\u30f3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u9593\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30dd\u30f3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba – \u30af\u30ec\u30a4\u30e6\u9593\u3067\u96fb\u6c17\u727d\u5f15\u304c\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u7167\u660e\u5f0f\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af<\/a><\/span>\u4fe1\u53f7<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u88c5\u5099\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3064\u3044\u306b\u30011970 \u5e74 12 \u6708\u306b\u30a8\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8 – \u30aa\u30fc\u30dc\u30f3\u30cc – \u30f4\u30a1\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ef\u30a2\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u756a\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><\/div>

\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>
  1. \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u2013 bulgare<\/a><\/li>
  2. \u053f\u0561\u0575\u0561\u0580\u0561\u0576\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0576 \u2013 arm\u00e9nien<\/a><\/li>
  3. \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u2013 newari<\/a><\/li>
  4. Bekat \u2013 ouzbek<\/a><\/li>
  5. Nh\u00e0 ga \u2013 vietnamien<\/a><\/li>
  6. Barre \u2013 breton<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n
    \n

    \n \u30e9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30eb – \u30aa\u30fc\u30e1\u30c3\u30bd\u30f3\u99c5 – \u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n
    \n \n
    \n
    \n