{"id":76911,"date":"2024-05-31T16:25:31","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T16:25:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC\/"},"modified":"2024-05-31T16:25:31","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T16:25:31","slug":"%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=76911","title":{"rendered":"\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6 \u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><div><h2>\u5c0e\u5165<\/h2><table cellspacing=\"7\"><tr><th colspan=\"2\">\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3<\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><b>\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8def\u7dda<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"2\"><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u982d\u3001\u7b2c 3 \u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u52d5\u529b\u6e90\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30c9 \u30a8\u30ec\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6 \u30d6\u30ed\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3044\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea \u30de\u30eb\u30bf\u30f3\u901a\u308a\u99c5\u3068\u30d1\u30c3\u30b7\u30fc\u99c5\u306e\u9593\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/vVqtPg8l_Ew\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><br\/><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u56fd<\/th><td>\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u90fd\u5e02<\/th><td><span>\u30d1\u30ea<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\">\u6b74\u53f2\u7684<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u8a66\u904b\u8ee2<\/th><td>1854\u5e74<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\">\u6280\u8853\u7684\u7279\u5fb4<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u516c\u5f0f\u756a\u53f7<\/th><td>971,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=17420\">\u9577\u3055<\/a><\/span><\/th><td><span>8km<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u9593\u9694<\/th><td>\u901a\u5e38\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u96fb\u5316<\/th><td>Pont-Cardinet \u3068 Av. H. Martin \u9593<span>1,500 Vdc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=71097\">\u6570<\/a><\/span><\/th><td>\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb \u30eb\u30f4\u30a1\u30ed\u30ef\u3068 H. \u30de\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u901a\u308a\u306e\u9593\u306f\u8907\u7dda\u3067\u3059\u3002<br\/>\u30dd\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u3068\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30eb\u30f4\u30a1\u30ed\u30ef\u306e\u9593\u306f\u5358\u7dda\u3001Av. H. Martin \u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30fb\u30d6\u30ed\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u306e\u9593\u306f\u7121\u8ecc\u9053\u3067\u3059\u3002<br\/><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/th><td>\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\">\u6e0b\u6ede<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/th><td><span>RFF<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u30aa\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc<\/th><td><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=49044\">SNCF<\/a><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u6e0b\u6ede<\/th><td><span>RER C<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\">\u7dda\u56f3<\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"><tr><th colspan=\"4\">\u7dda\u56f3<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"BSicon vKBHFa.svg\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/cbV9Bw_lvz8\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"BSicon vKBHFa.svg\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/v6_j_HEtIC0\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"BSicon KBHFa.svg\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/-GRzB0Z-HVk\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><\/td><td> 0.000<\/td><td><b>\u30d1\u30ea\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"BSicon vSTR.svg\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/Tzfoy2c2wrs\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"BSicon vSTR.svg\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/bl4c1T1kh_A\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"BSicon TUNNEL2.svg\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/bwtndOBKbZY\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><\/td><td> 0.690<\/td><td><span><i>\u30d0\u30c6\u30a3\u30cb\u30e7\u30fc\u30eb \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb<\/i><\/span><\/td><td>(331m) <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"BSicon vSTR.svg\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/V6WmUtsZWZU\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"BSicon vSTR.svg\" class=\"aligncenter\" onerror=\"this.style.display=none;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/Xl9q8gHotKs\/0.jpg\" style=\"width:100%;\"\/><\/figure><\/td><td> 1,550 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"><tr><td> 1,725<\/td><\/tr><tr><td> 8,942<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/td><td>\u30dd\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30b3\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u7d4c\u7531\u30de\u30f3\u30c6\u30b9\u884c\u304d (Gr VI) <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30de\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u65b9\u9762 (GR V) <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30a8\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u65b9\u9762 (GR IV) <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30bb\u30eb\u30b8\u30fc\u30fb\u30eb\u30fb\u30aa\u30fc (Gr III) \u65b9\u9762<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30d9\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30e6-RD (Gr II) \u65b9\u9762<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span>\u30a8\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u30dd\u30f3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u884c\u304d (RER C)<\/span> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> 7,662<\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><span>\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb &#8211; \u30eb\u30f4\u30a1\u30ed\u30ef<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td> 6,356<\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><span>\u30cc\u30a4\u30a4 &#8211; \u30de\u30a4\u30e8 \u30dd\u30eb\u30c8<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=25984\">RER A<\/a><\/span>\u7dda\u306e\u901a\u8def<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td> 5,320<\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=77307\">\u30a2\u30d9\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30fb<\/a><\/span>\u30d5\u30a9\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td> 4,533<\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><span>\u30a2\u30d9\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc \u30a2\u30f3\u30ea \u30de\u30eb\u30bf\u30f3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span>\u7121\u52b9\u5730\u5e2f\u884c\u304d (RER C)<\/span> <\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"color:#555;\"><td> 6,670<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">\u30d1\u30c3\u30b7\u30fc &#8211; \u30e9 \u30df\u30e5\u30a8\u30c3\u30c8<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"color:#555;\"><td> 8,230<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6 &#8211; \u30d6\u30ed\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"color:#555;\"><td>\u30ea\u30c8\u30eb\u30d9\u30eb\u30c8\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p><b>\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5 \u30c9\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u7dda<\/b>\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u306e<sup>16 \u533a<\/sup>\u3068<sup>17<\/sup>\u533a\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3066\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u8ecc\u306e 8<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=57288\">\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u306e<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=76895\">\u9244\u9053<\/a><\/span>\u8def\u7dda\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=69827\">\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u99c5<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=6084\">\u99c5<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30011922 \u5e74\u304b\u3089<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=104573\">\u30dd\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u99c5<\/a><\/span>\u304b\u3089\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8def\u7dda\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"\u756a\u53f7\"><sup>\u3002<\/sup><\/abbr>\u30dd\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u7dda\u306e\u540d\u3067\u56fd\u55b6\u9244\u9053<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=40011\">\u7db2<\/a><\/span>\u306e 971000 \u756a\u7dda\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30fb\u30d6\u30ed\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u3002<\/p><p> 1854 \u5e74\u306b\u958b\u696d\u3057\u30011925 \u5e74\u306b<span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u8ecc\u6761<\/span>\u3067\u96fb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067 <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72893\">\u30d7\u30c6\u30a3 \u30bb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u7dda<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7dda\u306f\u3001VMI<span>\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8<\/span>\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066 1985 \u5e74\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=36310\">\u9589\u9396\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/a><\/span>\u307e\u3067\u3001\u300c\u6a19\u6e96\u300d\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u9577\u671f\u9593\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1988 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b RER \u306e C \u7dda\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6700\u7aef\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p><h2>\u6b74\u53f2<\/h2><h3><span>\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/h3><p>1850 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u982d\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u30b5\u30f3 \u30b8\u30a7\u30eb\u30de\u30f3 \u30a2\u30f3 \u30ec\u30fc\u7dda\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u5144\u5f1f\u306f\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=106757\">\u9244\u9053\u304c<\/a><\/span>\u90fd\u5e02\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u306a\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3068\u4f4e\u6599\u91d1\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u78ba\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a8\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u65e2\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=27752\">\u897f<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=30788\">\u90ca\u5916<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u99c5\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u5411\u304b\u3046\u306e\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95765\">\u3054\u304f<\/a><\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u65b9\u5411\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30d0\u30c6\u30a3\u30cb\u30e7\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30d1\u30c3\u30b7\u30fc\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3060\u81ea\u6cbb\u6a29\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u30d1\u30ea\u306e\u8981\u585e\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30d6\u30ed\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u306e\u68ee\u304c\u7f8e\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3064\u3064\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5730\u57df\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u601d\u3048\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u7387\u3044\u308b\u30b5\u30f3\u30b8\u30a7\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u4f1a\u793e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u30011852 \u5e74\u306b\u30cc\u30a4\u30a4<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=52671\">\u6a4b<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u652f\u7dda\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u3066\u30d0\u30c6\u30a3\u30cb\u30e7\u30fc\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u5229\u6a29\u3092\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u696d\u7701\u306b\u8981\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u5968\u52b1\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e88\u5099\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u4ea4\u5dee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u540c\u793e\u306f\u8def\u7dda\u3092\u5468\u56f2\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=37544\">\u74b0\u5883<\/a><\/span>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u8e0f\u5207\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u90fd\u5e02<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=14358\">\u9053\u8def<\/a><\/span>\u304b\u3089\u3082\u9694\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e<span>\u89b3\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c<\/span>\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30cc\u30a4\u30a4\u652f\u90e8\u3082\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5229\u6a29\u5354\u5b9a\u306f 1852 \u5e74 8 \u6708 9 \u65e5\u306b\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c 1852 \u5e74 8 \u6708 18 \u65e5\u306e\u6cd5\u4ee4\u306b\u3088\u308a\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u696d\u306e\u5ba3\u8a00\u304c\u767a\u4ee4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u8abf\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u308a\u95a2\u4fc2\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u3068\u306e\u5408\u610f\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30d1\u30ea<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=108665\">\u5e02<\/a><\/span>\u306f\u8981\u585e\u6cbf\u3044\u306e\u30d6\u30ed\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u306e\u68ee\u306b\u571f\u5730\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u898b\u8fd4\u308a\u306b\u540c\u793e\u306f\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u6a4b\u306e\u53f3\u5074\u306b\u99c5\u3092\u958b\u8a2d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u540c\u610f\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u5144\u5f1f\u306e\u540d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e8c\u91cd<span>\u5927\u901a\u308a\u304c<\/span>\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8def\u7dda\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30fb\u30c9\u30fb\u30cc\u30a4\u30a4\u307e\u3067\u5ef6\u3073\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u5de5\u4e8b\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306f 1854 \u5e74 5 \u6708 2 \u65e5\u306b\u904b\u884c\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306f\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u306e\u983b\u7e41\u306a\u904b\u884c\u306b\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d7\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u5217\u8eca\u3078\u306e\u8fc5\u901f\u306a\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9ad8\u304f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=49523\">\u4e57\u5ba2<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u7dda\u8def\u3092\u6a2a\u5207\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=76299\">\u6d41\u308c<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u6301\u3064\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u67d4\u3089\u304b\u3044\u6a5f\u95a2\u8eca\u306f\u3001\u7dda\u8def\u306e\u7aef\u3067\u306e\u64cd\u7e26\u3082\u907f\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u7d04 20<span>\u5206<\/span>\u3067\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=107393\">\u96fb\u8eca<\/a><\/span>\u306f 30 \u5206\u3054\u3068\u306b\u904b\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5e73\u65e5\u306f\u7d04 10<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=48215\">\u4e21\u7de8\u6210<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u304c 2 \uff5e 3 \u672c\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u3084\u4f11\u65e5\u3001\u590f\u306b\u306f\u7de8\u6210\u304c\u9577\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6df7\u96d1\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3068\u3057\u305f\u6563\u6b69\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u99d0\u8eca\u5834\u306f 2 \u5206\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p> 1855 \u5e74\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306f\u897f\u90e8\u30ab\u30f3\u30d1\u30cb\u30fc\u306e<span>\u7ba1\u7406<\/span>\u4e0b\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=70343\">\u5e74\u3005<\/a><\/span>\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u99c5\u3092\u9664\u304f\u4e57\u5ba2\u6570\u306f1859\u5e74\u306e1,836,612\u4eba\u304b\u30891866\u5e74\u306b\u306f2,438,768\u4eba\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u30d7\u30c1\u30b5\u30f3\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3078\u306e\u7d71\u5408<\/span><\/h3><p>1867 \u5e74\u306b\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u7dda\u306f\u30d7\u30c6\u30a3 \u30b5\u30f3\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u7dda\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=47024\">\u9996\u90fd<\/a><\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=45508\">\u5468\u8fba\u3067<\/a><\/span>\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1875 \u5e74\u306b\u306f\u5165\u5834\u8005\u6570\u306f 3,624,158 \u4eba\u306b\u9054\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u7269\u8cc7\u306e\u8f38\u9001\u91cf\u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u99c5\u306e\u307f\u304c\u30d5\u30eb\u8ca8\u8eca\u306e\u767a\u9001\u3068\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308a\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d0\u30c6\u30a3\u30cb\u30e7\u30fc\u30eb\u99c5\u3068\u30f4\u30a9\u30fc\u30b8\u30e9\u30fc\u30eb\u99c5\u9593\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306f\u5404<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=81037\">\u65b9\u5411<\/a><\/span>\u306b 1 \u672c\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u3067\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 1883 \u5e74\u304b\u3089\u30bb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u5ddd\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5de6\u5cb8\u533a\u9593\u306e\u518d\u958b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u74b0\u72b6\u5217\u8eca\u304c<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=61313\">\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b<\/a><\/span>\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u30011893 \u5e74\u304b\u3089\u306f\u30d1\u30ea\u5317\u99c5\u3092\u767a\u7740\u3059\u308b\u74b0\u72b6\u5217\u8eca\u304c\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u7dda\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=87799\">\u5e73\u5747\u3057<\/a><\/span>\u3066 1 \u65b9\u5411\u304a\u3088\u3073 1<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72279\">\u6642\u9593<\/a><\/span>\u3042\u305f\u308a\u7d04 10 \u672c\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u304c\u904b\u884c\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=28716\">\u5730\u4e0b\u9244<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u5339\u6575\u3059\u308b\u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u8a87\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u306f 1894 \u5e74\u306b\u306f 2,216 \u4e07\u4eba\u306b\u9054\u3057\u30011888 \u5e74\u306e 2 \u500d\u306b\u9054\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p> 1890 \u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u30d6\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8\u63a5\u7d9a\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea \u30de\u30eb\u30bf\u30f3\u901a\u308a\u306e\u9593\u306e\u7dda\u8def\u3092 4 \u500d\uff082 \u304b\u3089 4 \u306b\uff09\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e07\u56fd\u535a\u89a7\u4f1a\u958b\u50ac\u306e 3<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=91861\">\u65e5\u524d<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u3042\u308b 1900 \u5e74 4 \u6708 12 \u65e5\u306b\u3053\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u958b\u696d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u99c5\u3068\u65b0\u3057\u3044<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=18426\">\u30a2\u30f3\u30f4\u30a1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u99c5<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u9593\u3067\u5217\u8eca\u3092\u904b\u884c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u8def\u7dda\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=22948\">\u30d4\u30fc\u30af<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u9054\u3057\u30011900 \u5e74 4 \u6708\u304b\u3089 11 \u6708\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066 1,000 \u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u304c\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3 \u30c9 \u30de\u30eb\u30b9\u884c\u304d\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u306b\u4e57\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c\u30d6\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306e 1 \u3064\u306f\u3001\u541b\u4e3b\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u3092\u30d6\u30ed\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u306e\u68ee\u99c5 (\u73fe\u5728\u306f<i>\u30a2\u30d9\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc \u30d5\u30a9\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u99c5<\/i>\u3068\u540d\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059) \u307e\u3067\u516c\u5f0f\u5217\u8eca\u304c\u904b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u300c\u30bd\u30d6\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u9053\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u611b\u79f0\u304c\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><div><\/div><p> 1903 \u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=20090\">\u90fd\u5e02\u4ea4\u901a<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u7279\u306b\u65b0\u8208\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=85807\">\u30d1\u30ea\u5730\u4e0b\u9244<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u306e\u7af6\u4e89\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u3068\u30d6\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=63345\">\u652f\u793e<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u7af6\u4e89\u306f\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u53b3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u9244\u9053\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30c1\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u7dda\u306f\u897f\u4f1a\u793e\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u56fd\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u90ca\u5916\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u306e\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306a\u5897\u52a0\u306f\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 \u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u540c\u7dda\u306f\u30bb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u5217\u8eca\u306e\u672c\u6570\u6e1b\u5c11\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p><p> 1913 \u5e74 5 \u6708 19 \u65e5\u3001\u30d6\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8\u7d4c\u7531\u3067\u30d1\u30ea &#8211; \u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u30a2\u30f3\u30f4\u30a1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u3092\u7d50\u3076\u5217\u8eca\u306f\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3 \u30c9 \u30de\u30eb\u30b9\u99c5\u307e\u3067\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u306f\u30a2\u30f3\u30f4\u30a1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9 &#8211; \u30d9\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30e6 &#8211; \u30ea\u30f4 \u30b4\u30fc\u30b7\u30e5\u9593\u306e\u5b9a\u671f\u4fbf\u304b\u3089<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=1290\">\u63a5\u7d9a<\/a><\/span>\u5217\u8eca\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1914 \u5e74\u306e\u590f\u306e\u904b\u884c\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u3001\u3053\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u306f 18 \u6642\u9593<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=63935\">\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066<\/a><\/span>\u5e73\u5747\u3057\u3066 1 \u65b9\u5411\u3042\u305f\u308a 1<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=66847\">\u6642\u9593<\/a><\/span>\u3042\u305f\u308a 2 \u672c\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u3057\u304b\u904b\u884c\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u4e2d\u306f<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=103527\">\u71c3\u6599\u306e<\/a><\/span>\u4f9b\u7d66\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u304c\u6fc0\u6e1b\u3057\u305f\u3002 1917\u5e74\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea\u30fb\u30de\u30eb\u30bf\u30f3\u3068\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30fb\u30de\u30eb\u30b9\u9593\u306e\u904b\u884c\u304c\u4e2d\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u884c\u304d\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u306f\u904b\u4f11\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002 1919 \u5e74 7 \u6708 8 \u65e5\u306b\u30d6\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8\u901a\u308a\u3068\u30b1 \u30c9 \u30d1\u30c3\u30b7\u30fc\u306e\u99c5\u304c\u518d\u958b\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3 \u30c9\u99c5 &#8211; \u30de\u30eb\u30af\u30c8\u99c5\u3068\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea\u901a\u308a &#8211; \u3092\u7d50\u3076\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u306e<sup>1st<\/sup>\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5358\u7d14\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=71495\">\u30b7\u30e3\u30c8\u30eb<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u307f\u304c\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30de\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u306f 6 \u5206\u3067\u5230\u7740\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u4e57\u308a\u63db\u3048\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u96fb\u5316<\/span><\/h3><p>1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u982d\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u30dd\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u9593\u3092\u5faa\u74b0\u3059\u308b\u5217\u8eca\u306e\u672c\u6570\u3068\u3001\u90ca\u5916\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u96fb\u5316\u5de5\u4e8b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30011909 \u5e74\u306b\u897f\u90e8\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u3092\u8cb7\u53ce\u3057\u305f\u56fd\u55b6\u9244\u9053\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u306f\u3001 1922 \u5e74 4 \u6708<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"\u521d\u3081\"><sup>1 \u65e5<\/sup><\/abbr>\u304b\u3089\u30dd\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u9593\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u7dda\u306e\u904b\u884c\u304c\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u99c5\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u306f\u90fd\u5e02<span>\u4ea4\u901a\u3092<\/span>\u81ea\u5206\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=10558\">\u8ca0\u62c5<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9244\u9053\u63a5\u7d9a\u306f\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p> 1924 \u5e74 4 \u6708 27 \u65e5\u306b\u30dd\u30f3\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u3067\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u518d\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u4e0d\u6e80\u306f\u30d6\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8\u306e\u30b7\u30e3\u30c8\u30eb\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5730\u4e0b\u9244 6 \u53f7\u7dda\u3068 9 \u53f7\u7dda\u3068\u306e\u7af6\u4e89\u306e\u6fc0\u5316\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u30011923 \u5e74\u306b\u306f 75,000 \u4eba\u306e\u4e57\u5ba2\u3057\u304b\u8f38\u9001\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u30011924 \u5e74 6 \u6708<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"\u521d\u3081\"><sup>1 \u65e5<\/sup><\/abbr>\u306b\u4ea4\u901a\u304c\u505c\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30d6\u30fc\u30ec\u30fc\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8\u63a5\u7d9a\u306f 1964 \u5e74\u307e\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30fb\u30de\u30eb\u30b9\u306e\u5009\u5eab\u3002<\/p><div><\/div><p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u96fb\u5316\u8a08\u753b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30011925 \u5e74 1 \u6708 2 \u65e5\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u7dda\u3082\u30b5\u30a4\u30c9\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066 650 V \u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=104057\">\u76f4\u6d41<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u96fb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u300c\u6a19\u6e96\u300d\u5217\u8eca\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8 (Z 1300\u3001\u6b21\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=72101\">Z 1400<\/a><\/span> \u3001Z ) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1500\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u30d7\u30c6\u30a3 \u30bb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u5217\u8eca\u306f\u5f15\u304d\u7d9a\u304d<span>\u84b8\u6c17<\/span>\u6a5f\u95a2\u8eca\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u96fb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p><p>\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda (\u30dd\u30f3 \u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd &#8211; \u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u9593) \u306f 1934 \u5e74\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3092\u518d\u958b\u3057\u3001\u30d7\u30c6\u30a3 \u30bb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u304c 50 \u5e74\u4f59\u308a\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u4e57\u5ba2\u306e\u901a\u884c\u3092\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><p> 1971 \u5e74\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306f\u9577\u3044\u65e5\u5e38\u696d\u52d9\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u9769\u65b0\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d1\u30ea\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u65b9\u9762\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30dd\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u99c5\u3067\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u6539\u5584\u3055\u308c\u3001\u540c\u3058\u30d7\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u3067\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5faa\u74b0<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=21808\">\u983b\u5ea6<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u306610\u5206\u307e\u305f\u306f20\u5206\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7d42\u65e510\u5206\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 . \u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3092\u9664\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u99c5\u306e\u6539\u4fee\u3084\u518d\u958b\u767a<span>\u3082\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/p><p>\u30d6\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8\u63a5\u7d9a\u306f\u30011964 \u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u30011960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u306e RER A \u7dda\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=94565\">MS 61<\/a><\/span>\u3084\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u90ca\u5916\u306e\u30e9\u30b6\u30ed\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=86263\">Z 6400<\/a><\/span>\u306a\u3069\u3001\u904b\u884c\u958b\u59cb\u3092\u5f85\u3064\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eca\u4e21\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=42414\">1 \u56de\u9650\u308a\u306e<\/a><\/span>\u30ac\u30ec\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u3002<\/p><p> 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u3001RER \u306e C \u7dda\u306e<i>VMI<\/i>\u904b\u55b6 (\u30e2\u30f3\u30e2\u30e9\u30f3\u30b7\u30fc\u6e13\u8c37 &#8211; \u30a2\u30f3\u30f4\u30a1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9) \u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u904b\u547d\u306f\u7a81\u7136<span>\u5909\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u99c5\u3068\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea \u30de\u30eb\u30bf\u30f3\u901a\u308a\u306e\u9593\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001RER \u304b\u3089\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u306b\u3088\u308a RER \u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d6\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30f4\u30a3\u30ea\u30a8\u3002\u4e21\u7aef\u306f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e2d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306f\u3001\u5de5\u4e8b\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=92077\">\u96ea<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u4e2d\u3092\u6a19\u6e96\u5217\u8eca\u3067\u6700\u5f8c\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=86252\">\u79fb\u52d5\u3092<\/a><\/span>\u884c\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u30011985 \u5e74 1 \u6708 6 \u65e5\u306b\u9589\u9396\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p><h3><span>\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3<\/span><\/h3><div><\/div><p> 1988 \u5e74 9 \u6708 26 \u65e5\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044 RER \u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u304c\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=82055\">\u305d\u306e\u9593<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u307e\u3067\u306e<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=80407\">\u5357\u90e8<\/a><\/span>\u533a\u9593\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u304c\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7dda\u8def\u306f 1993 \u5e74\u306e\u590f\u306b\u64a4\u53bb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=73189\">\u5317\u90e8<\/a><\/span>\u533a\u9593\u306f 1500 V \u306e\u76f4\u6d41\u3067\u96fb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001 <span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=50111\">Z 5300<\/a><\/span>\u8eca\u4e21\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30da\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb &#8211; \u30dd\u30f3\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u9593\u306e\u30b7\u30e3\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u904b\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5927\u91cf\u306e\u8eca\u4e21\u3068\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30d5\u3092\u52d5\u54e1\u3059\u308b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u4e57\u5ba2\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306f\u9031\u672b\u306b\u9589\u9396\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u4e57\u5ba2\u4e0d\u8db3\u306e\u305f\u3081 1996 \u5e74 7 \u6708 5 \u65e5\u306b<span>\u5b8c\u5168\u306b<\/span>\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30b7\u30e3\u30c8\u30eb \u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306b\u79fb\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=81661\">\u30d0\u30b9<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7dda\u533a\u306f C \u7dda\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u306e\u8eca\u5eab\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><i>\u30d1\u30b7\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30fb\u30df\u30e5\u30a8\u30c3\u30c8\u99c5<\/i>(PK 6.670) &#8211;<i>\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30fb\u30d6\u30ed\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u99c5<\/i>(PK 8.230) \u533a\u9593\u306e\u5ec3\u6b62\u3068\u79fb\u7ba1\u304c\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u7528\u5730\u3092\u7559\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001STIF \u304b\u3089\u597d\u610f\u7684\u306a<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=92377\">\u610f\u898b<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 RER C \u652f\u7dda C1 \u306e\u5217\u8eca\u306e\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057<span><a href=\"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=43578\">\u5730\u70b9<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"ref_link\">\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2><ol><li><a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ligne_d%E2%80%99Auteuil\">Ligne d&#8217;Auteuil \u2013 allemand<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Llinia\">Llinia \u2013 asturien<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%8C%C3%A1ra\">\u010c\u00e1ra \u2013 tch\u00e8que<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADnea\">L\u00ednea \u2013 espagnol<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lerro_(geometria)\">Lerro (geometria) \u2013 basque<\/a><\/li><li> <a class=\"notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viiva\">Viiva \u2013 finnois<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"feature-video\">\n <h2>\n  \u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6 \u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"video-item\">\n  \n  <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n   <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u3010A\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u8aac\uff01\u3011\u5727\u6ce2\u5f62\u306b\u3082\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\uff01\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aMHmYFfq3rU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n   <\/div>\n  <\/figure>\n  \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5c0e\u5165 \u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 \u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8def\u7dda \u56fd \u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u90fd\u5e02 \u30d1\u30ea \u6b74\u53f2\u7684 \u8a66\u904b\u8ee2 1854\u5e74 \u6280\u8853\u7684\u7279\u5fb4 \u516c\u5f0f\u756a\u53f7 971,000 \u9577\u3055 8km \u9593\u9694 \u901a\u5e38\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8 \u96fb\u5316 Pont- [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":76912,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/vCOGbVlQUbI\/0.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a5\u30a4\u30e6 \u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[34926,11,13,14,10,59860,1357,12,8,16,15,9],"class_list":["post-76911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dictionary","tag-auteuil","tag-techniques","tag-technologie","tag-news","tag-actualite","tag-bergstrand","tag-ligne","tag-dossier","tag-definition","tag-sciences","tag-article","tag-explications"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76911"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=76911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76911\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/76912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=76911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=76911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=76911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}