{"id":95775,"date":"2024-04-16T01:24:59","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T01:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\/"},"modified":"2024-04-16T01:24:59","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T01:24:59","slug":"%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=95775","title":{"rendered":"\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\uff1d\u30ed\u30d9\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30ac\u30f3 – \u5b9a\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5c0e\u5165<\/h2>

\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\uff1d\u30ed\u30d9\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30ac\u30f3\uff08Jean-Robert Argand\uff09\u306f<\/b>\u30011768\u5e747\u670818\u65e5\u306b\u30b8\u30e5\u30cd\u30fc\u30d6\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u30011822\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\u306b\u30d1\u30ea\u3067\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>

1806 \u5e74\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u3067\u66f8\u5e97\u3092\u7d4c\u55b6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u8907\u7d20\u6570\u306e\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u3001\u6570<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002

$$ {\\, a+i b} $$<\/div> (i \u306f -1 \u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839) \u5ea7\u6a19 (a,b) \u306e\u70b9\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8907\u7d20\u6570\u306e\u96c6\u5408<\/a><\/span>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u306e\u5e73\u9762\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30ac\u30f3\u5e73\u9762<\/i>\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\u30a2\u30eb\u30ac\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8907\u5408\u4f53<\/h2>
\n\"\"<\/figure>
\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7a4d<\/div><\/div><\/div>

\u30a2\u30eb\u30ac\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u865a\u6570\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u300c\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30a4\u300d<\/i>\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u307e\u305a\u5404\u6b63\u306e\u6570\u3092\u76f4\u7dda<\/i>\u306b<\/i>\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002

$$ {\\overline{KA}} $$<\/div> \u3001\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u306f\u53f3\u5411\u304d\u3001\u9577\u3055\u306fa<\/i>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u5404\u8ca0\u306e\u6570<\/a><\/span>-b\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u6c34\u5e73\u7dda<\/i>\u3092\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
$$ {\\overline{KB’}} $$<\/div>\u9577\u3055\uff42\u306e\u5de6\u5074\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5408\u8a08\u306f\u3001\u884c\u3092\u7aef\u304b\u3089\u7aef\u307e\u3067\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7a4d\u3068\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u306f\u3001\u6bd4\u4f8b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>
a: b \u3068 c: d \u306e\u6bd4\u304c\u7b49\u3057\u3044 (\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024<\/a><\/span>\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3067\u7b26\u53f7\u304c\u540c\u3058) \u5834\u5408\u3001(a; b) \u306f (c; d) \u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/dd><\/dl>

\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001a \u3068 b \u306e\u7a4d\u306f\u3001(1;a) \u3068 (b; ab) \u304c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u6570\u5024 ab \u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 4 \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u306e\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u304f\u304b\u3089\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u6210\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001Argand \u306f\u6b21\u306e\u884c<\/i>\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>

$$ { \\overline{KC} = \\overline {KA} \\times \\overline{KB}} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>
\n\"\"<\/figure>
\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5e73\u65b9\u6839<\/div><\/div><\/div>

x<\/i> (\u6b63) \u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u306f\u3001(1; y<\/i> ) \u3068 ( y<\/i> ; x<\/i> ) \u304c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6570\u5024y<\/i> (\u6b63) \u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059 (\u69cb\u7bc9\u53ef\u80fd\u6570\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3002\u3082\u3057

$$ {\\overline{KA}} $$<\/div>\u306f 1 \u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001
$$ { \\overline{KP}} $$<\/div> y \u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001
$$ {\\overline{KM}} $$<\/div> x \u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>
$$ { \\overline{KM}} $$<\/div>\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059
$$ { \\overline{KP}} $$<\/div>\u305d\u308c
$$ {\\overline{KP}} $$<\/div>\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059
$$ { \\overline{KA}.} $$<\/div> \u3002<\/dd><\/dl>

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>

$$ {\\frac{KM}{KP} = \\frac{KP}{KA}} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6: <\/p>

$$ { \\overline{KM} = \\overline{KP} \\times \\overline{KP}} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>
\n\"\"<\/figure>
\u30a2\u30eb\u30ac\u30f3\u306e\u5730\u56f3<\/div><\/div><\/div>

\u6b21\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001-1 \u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057

$$ {\\overline{KC}} $$<\/div>\u306f -1 \u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5b57\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7dda\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002
$$ { \\overline{KB}} $$<\/div>\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a<\/p>
$$ {\\overline{KB}} $$<\/div>\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u306b
$$ {\\overline{KA}} $$<\/div>\u305d\u308c
$$ {\\overline{KC}} $$<\/div>\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059
$$ {\\overline{KB}} $$<\/div> \u3002<\/dd><\/dl>

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u53f3\u7ffc\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u9054\u6210\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30ac\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u53f3\u3092\u96e2\u308c\u3066\u3053\u3046\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>

$$ {\\overline{KB}} $$<\/div>\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059
$$ {\\overline{KA}} $$<\/div>\u305d\u308c
$$ {\\overline{KC}} $$<\/div>\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059
$$ {\\overline{KB}} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

\u9577\u3055\u306e\u6bd4\u7387\u304c\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u3001\u89d2\u5ea6 AKB \u3068 BKC \u304c\u7b49\u3057\u3044<\/b>\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/p>

\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u70b9 B \u304c\u70b9 K \u304b\u3089\u5782\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u306b<\/a><\/span>1 \u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/i>

$$ {\\overline{KB}} $$<\/div>\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u865a\u6570\u306ei<\/i>\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059 (\u5f53\u6642\u30e1\u30e2\u3057\u305f)
$$ { \\sqrt{-1}} $$<\/div> \u3002\uff09<\/p>

\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u300c\u6709\u5411\u7dda\u300d\u4e0a\u306b\u52a0\u7b97<\/a><\/span>(\u4eca\u65e5\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c Chasles \u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3082\u306e\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059) \u3068\u7a4d\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

\n\"\"<\/figure>
2 \u3064\u306e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u7a4d<\/div><\/div><\/div>

\u88fd\u54c1: <\/p>

$$ {\\overline{KM} \\times \\overline{KN}} $$<\/div><\/dd><\/dl>

\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3059

$$ {\\overline{KP}} $$<\/div>\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a
$$ { \\overline{KP}} $$<\/div>\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u306b
$$ {\\overline{KN}} $$<\/div>\u305d\u308c
$$ {\\overline{KM}} $$<\/div>\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059
$$ {\\overline{KA}} $$<\/div> \u3002<\/p>

\u5f7c\u304c\u8a08\u753b\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6027<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>