{"id":98073,"date":"2024-03-13T17:39:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T17:39:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/%E3%83%91%E3%82%B9%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\/"},"modified":"2024-03-13T17:39:27","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T17:39:27","slug":"%E3%83%91%E3%82%B9%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86-%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-hub.click\/?p=98073","title":{"rendered":"\u30d1\u30b9\u7a4d\u5206 – \u5b9a\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5c0e\u5165<\/h2>

\u30d1\u30b9\u7a4d\u5206<\/b>\u306f\u95a2\u6570\u7a4d\u5206<\/i>\u3067\u3059<\/i>\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u7a4d\u5206\u306f\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u7a4d\u5206\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u548c\u306f\u5b9f\u6570 (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8907\u7d20\u6570) \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u6e21\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u7121\u9650\u6b21\u5143<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u7a4d\u5206<\/a><\/span>\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7d4c\u8def\u7a4d\u5206<\/a><\/span>(\u95a2\u6570\u7a4d\u5206) \u3092\u3001\u7269\u7406<\/a><\/span>\u7a7a\u9593\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u4e0a\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u7a4d\u5206 (\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u66f2\u7dda\u7a4d\u5206\u3068\u547c\u3076) \u304b\u3089\u6ce8\u610f\u6df1\u304f\u533a\u5225\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

1942 \u5e74 5 \u6708\u306b\u64c1\u8b77\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e5<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u6587<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u7d4c\u8def\u7a4d\u5206\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u30ea\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3<\/span>\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21<\/a><\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f 1948 \u5e74\u307e\u3067\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u306f<\/a><\/span>\u5834\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6<\/a><\/span>\u3078\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u6025\u901f\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u624b\u9806\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u975e\u30a2\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8<\/a><\/span>\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>

\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u306e<\/a><\/span>\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30ab\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u30011920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u30ce\u30eb\u30d9\u30eb\u30c8\u30fb\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc<\/a><\/span>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30d4\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u904b\u52d5<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u306e\u7a4d\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u516c\u5f0f<\/span>\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>

\n\"\u30d1\u30b9\u7a4d\u5206<\/figure>

\u7d4c\u8def\u7a4d\u5206\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u8d77\u6e90<\/h2>

\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u5927\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u3067\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f<\/sup>\u3060\u3063\u305f\u9803\u3001\u82e5\u3044\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u30cf\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30a2\u30f3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u6a21\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u52d5\u6a5f\u306f\u3001<\/span> Wheeler \u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u3001\u8ddd\u96e2\u3067\u306e\u4f5c\u7528<\/i>\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u53e4\u5178\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66<\/a><\/span>\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3092\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>

1941 \u5e74\u306e\u6625<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u5f53\u6642\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30cf\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8 \u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30ec\u306b\u4f1a\u3044\u3001\u30ca\u30c3\u30bd\u30fc\u306e\u5c45\u9152\u5c4b<\/i>\u3067\u306e\u591c\u306b\u3001\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30a2\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u3092\u7279\u306b\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u30c7\u30a3\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u5f7c\u306b\u544a\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 Jehle \u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30cf\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u5171\u5909\u76f8\u5bfe\u8ad6\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7fcc\u65e5\u30012\u4eba\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u7279\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002

$$ {t\\,} $$<\/div>\u305d\u3057\u3066
$$ {t + \\epsilon\\,} $$<\/div>\u8fd1\u508d\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u9077\u79fb\u632f\u5e45: <\/p>
$$ { < q_2(t + \\epsilon) | q_1(t) > \\,} $$<\/div><\/tr><\/table><\/center>

\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5927\u304d\u3055\u306f

$$ {S[q(t)]\\,} $$<\/div>\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3059: <\/p>
$$ {S[q_2(t + \\epsilon) ,q_1(t)] \\ = \\ \\int_{t}^{t + \\epsilon} L(q,\\dot{q}) \\ dt \\ = \\ L \\left( q_1, \\frac{q_2-q_1}{\\epsilon} \\right) \\ \\epsilon\\,} $$<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/table>

\u30c7\u30a3\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u300c\u30a2\u30ca\u30ed\u30b0\u300d<\/i>\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u306f\u975e\u76f8\u5bfe\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u8cea\u91cf<\/a><\/span>\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002

$$ {m\\,} $$<\/div>\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30a2\u30f3\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>
$$ { L(q,\\dot{q}) \\ = \\ \\frac{m}{2} \\dot{q}^2 \\ – \\ V(q) } $$<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/table>

\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059: <\/p>
$$ {< q_2 | \\psi(t+\\epsilon) > \\ = \\ \\psi(q_2,t + \\epsilon)\\ = \\ \\int dq_1 \\, < q_2(t + \\epsilon) | q_1(t) > \\, < q_1 | \\psi(t) >} $$<\/div><\/tr><\/table>

\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u306f\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/i>\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>

$$ {\\psi(q_2,t + \\epsilon) \\ = \\ A \\ \\int dq_1 \\, \\exp \\, \\left( \\, i \\, \\frac{S[q(t)]}{\\hbar} \\, \\right) \\ \\psi(q_1,t)} $$<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/table>

\u307e\u305f\u306f

$$ {A\\,} $$<\/div>\u306f\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5b9a\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30a7\u30fc\u30ec\u306e\u9762\u524d\u3067\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u304c<\/a><\/span>\u6b21\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/i>\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/i>\u3002
$$ {\\psi(q,t)\\,} $$<\/div>\u306f\u30b7\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u5f93\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 <\/p>
$$ {\\left[ \\, – \\ \\frac{\\hbar^2}{2m} \\ \\frac{\\partial^2 ~~}{\\partial q^2} \\ + \\ V(q) \\, \\right] \\ \\psi(q,t) \\ = \\ i \\, \\hbar \\ \\frac{\\partial ~~}{\\partial t}\\psi(q,t) } $$<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/table>

\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5b9a\u6570A<\/i><\/span>\u304c\u6b21\u3068\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3001 <\/p>
$$ {A \\ = \\ \\sqrt{\\frac{m}{2\\pi \\hbar i t}}} $$<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/table>

1946 \u5e74\u306e\u79cb<\/a><\/span>\u3001\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u5275\u7acb 200 \u5468\u5e74\u306e\u969b\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u4f1a\u3044\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u77ed\u3044\u3084\u308a\u3068\u308a\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>

– \u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3: \u300c\u3053\u308c\u3089 2 \u3064\u306e\u91cf\u304c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3054\u5b58\u77e5\u3067\u3059\u304b? \u00bb<\/dd>
– \u30c7\u30a3\u30e9\u30c3\u30af: \u300c\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b? \u00bb<\/dd>
– \u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3: \u300c\u306f\u3044\u3002 \u00bb<\/dd>
– \u30c7\u30a3\u30e9\u30c3\u30af: \u300c\u3042\u3042\uff01\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002 \u00bb<\/dd><\/dl>

\u3053\u306e\u7c21\u6f54\u306a\u5fdc\u7b54\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u7d42\u4e86<\/a><\/span>\u3057\u307e\u3059…\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306a\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30b7\u30e5\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p><\/div>

\n\"\u30d1\u30b9\u7a4d\u5206<\/figure>

\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>
  1. \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u2013 arabe<\/a><\/li>
  2. \u092a\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u2013 Bhojpuri<\/a><\/li>
  3. Formulaci\u00f3 de la integral de camins \u2013 catalan<\/a><\/li>
  4. Pfadintegral \u2013 allemand<\/a><\/li>
  5. Path integral formulation \u2013 anglais<\/a><\/li>
  6. Integral de caminos (mec\u00e1nica cu\u00e1ntica) \u2013 espagnol<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n
    \n

    \n \u30d1\u30b9\u7a4d\u5206 – \u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u52d5\u753b\n <\/h2>\n
    \n \n
    \n
    \n