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Quine (コンピューティング)について詳しく解説

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導入

コンピュータサイエンスにおけるクワインとは、出力とソースコードが同一のプログラム (メタプログラムの一種) です。挑戦または楽しみとして、プログラマの中には、特定の言語で最短のクワインを書こうとする人もいます。

ソースファイルを開いて表示することは不正行為とみなされます。より一般的には、データ入力を使用するプログラムは有効な Quine であるとは見なされません。簡単な解決策は、空のソース コードを含むプログラムです。実際、そのようなプログラムを実行しても、ほとんどの言語では出力、つまりプログラムのソース コードは生成されません。

クワインは、複数の言語で同時に有効である場合、多言語であると言われます。このようなクインのさまざまな例は、ページの下部にある外部リンクから入手できます。

クワインの名前は、間接的自己言及を深く研究したアメリカの哲学者で論理学者の WV クワイン (1908 ～ 2000 年) に由来します。とりわけ、彼は逆説的な (そして翻訳が難しい) 表現を生み出しました。引用符‘ の前に引用符があると虚偽になります。 » つまり: [引用文] 「『独自の引用符が先行する場合は false』は、独自の引用符が先行する場合は false です。」

クリーンの再帰定理を使用すると、任意の(受け入れ可能な) プログラミング言語にクワインが存在することを示すことができます。

Quine (コンピューティング)について詳しく解説

例

プログラミング言語

C

 ＃含むchar * i = " \\ #include 」 , n = ' \n ' 、 q = '"' 、* p = "%s%cchar*i=%c%c%s%c,n='%cn',q='%c',*p =%c%c%s%c,*m=%c%c%s%c%c;%s%c" ,* m = "int main(){return!printf(p,i+1,n ,q,*i,i,q,*i,q,n,q,p,q,n,q,m,q,n,m,n);}" ; int main ( ) { return ! printf ( p , i + 1 , n , q ,* i , i , q ,* i , q , n , q , p , q , n , q , m , q , n , m , n ) } ;

C++

注: 読みやすくするために改行が追加されています。 「#include より下のすべて」 」と一行で書きます。

 ＃含む main ( ) { int i ;チャート[ 2 ] ; t [ 0 ] = 0x00 ; char * v、 * w ; v = ( char * ) malloc ( 10 ) ; w = ( char * ) malloc ( 9 ) ; t [ 1 ] = v [ 0 ] = v [ 9 ] = w [ 0 ] = 0x22 ; v [ 1 ] = v [ 2 ] = v [ 7 ] = v [ 8 ] = w [ 1 ] = w [ 2 ] = 0x3C ; v [ 3 ] = 0x75 ; w [ 4 ] = v [ 4 ] = 0x5B ; w [ 5 ] = v [ 5 ] = 0x69 ; v [ 6 ] = w [ 6 ] = 0x5D ; w [ 3 ] = 0x78 ; w [ 7 ] = 0x3B ; w [ 8 ] = 0x7D ; std ::文字列u [ 2 ] ,x [ 2 ] ; u [ 0 ] = 0x0A ; u [ 1 ] = v ; x [ 0 ] = t [ 0 ] ; x [ 1 ] = w ; for ( i = 0 ; i < 2 ; i ++ ) std :: cout << t [ i ] << "#include 」 << u [ i ] << "main(){int i;char t[2];t[0]=0x00;char *v,*w;v=(char*)malloc(10);w=( char*)malloc(9); t[1]=v[0]=v[9]=w[0]=0x22;v[1]=v[2]=v[7]=v[8]= w[1]=w[2]=0x3C;v[3]=0x75;w[4]=v[4]=0x5B;w[5]=v[5]=0x69;v[6]=w[ 6]=0x5D;w[3]=0x78;w[7]=0x3B;w[8]=0x7D;std::string u[2],x[2];u[0]=0x0A;u[1 ]=v;x[0]=t[0]; x[1]=w;for(i=0;i<2;i++){std::cout<  << x [ i ] ; }

C#

注: 読みやすくするために改行が追加されています。

 usingSystem ; namespace quine { class Program { [ STAThread ] static void Main ( string [ ] args ) { string s = "using System;{0}namespace quine{0}{2}{0}{1}class Program{0} {1 }{2}{0}{1}{1}[STAThread]{0}{1}{1}static void Main(string[] args){0}{1}{1}{2}{0}{ 1}{1}{1} 文字列 s = {4}{6}{4};{0}{1}{1}{1}Console.Write(s, Environment.NewLine, {4}{5}t {4}、{4}{2} {4}、{4}{3}{4}、{4}{5}{4}{4}、{4}{5}{5}{4}、 s);{0}{1}{1}{3}{0}{1}{3}{0}{3}" ;コンソール。 Write ( s, Environment.NewLine , " \t " , "{" , "}" , " \" " , " \\ " , s ) ; } } }

スキーム

( ( lambda ( x ) ( list x ( list ( quote quote ) x ) ) ) ( quote ( lambda ( x ) ( list x ( list ( quote quote ) x ) ) ) ) )

共通Lisp

 ( funcall ( lambda ( x ) ( append x ( list ( list ' quote x ) ) ) ) ' ( funcall ( lambda ( x ) ( append x ( list ( list ' quote x ) ) ) ) ) )

OCaml

 ( fun s -> Printf . printf " % s % S " ss ) "(fun s -> Printf.printf \" %s % S\ " ss ) "

パイソン

 a= 'a=%s;print a%%`a`' ; %` を`に出力します

別の例:

 b= ' \\ ' ; g= '"' ; p= ' %' ; s= "b='%s%s';g='%s';p='%s';s=%s%s%s;print s% s(b,b,g,p,g,s,g,p)" ; print s % ( b,b,g,p,g,s,g,p )

最後の 61 文字が前の例と共通している別の例 (複数の代入によってプログラムの長さが短縮されないことを示すためだけ):

 b,g,p,s= ' \\ ' , '"' , '%' , "b,g,p,s='%s%s','%s','%s',%s% s%s;print s%s(b,b,g,p,g,s,g,p)" ; print s % ( b,b,g,p,g,s,g,p )
Quine (コンピューティング)について詳しく解説

ルビー

put << 2 * 2,2 put << 2 * 2 , 2 2

JavaScript

 unescape ( q = "unescape(q=%22*%22).replace('*',q)" ) 。 replace ( '*' , q )

パール

$_ = q { $_ = q { Q } ; s / Q / $_ /;印刷} ; s / Q / $_ /;印刷する

そしてシェルと Perl の混合:

 perl -le '$n=q{perl -le a$n=q{$x};($_=$n)=~s/\141/\47/g;s/\$x/$n/ ;printa};($_=$n)=~s/\141/\47/g;s/\$x/$n/;print'

ベーシック

 10 C=": プリント CHR(49)+CHR(48)+CHR(32)+CHR(67)+CHR(61)+CHR(34)+C+CHR(34)+C": プリント CHR(49) ) )+CHR(48)+CHR(32)+CHR(67)+CHR(61)+CHR(34)+C+CHR(34)+C

パスカル

const a = 'const a=' ;b = '書き込み開始(a,#39,a,#39#59#98#61#39,b,#39#59#10,b) 終了。 ; begin write ( a , #39 , a , #39#59#98#61#39 , b , #39#59#10 , b ) end 。

ブレインファック

注: これは連続した 1 行のコードである必要がありますが、読みやすくするために改行が追加されています。

 ->+>+++>>+>++>+>++++>>+>++>>>+>+>+>++>+>>>>++++>+> >+ +>+>++++>>++>++>>+>>+>++>++> +>>>>++++>+>>>>++>++ >>>> +>>++>+>++++>>>>++>>++++++>>+>>++>+>>>>++++>>++ +++>>+ >++++ >>>++>>++>>+>>++>+>++++>>>++>>++++++++ +++>>++> >++>+>++++>+>++++>>>++>>++++>>+>> +>+>>>>++++ >>++++++> >>>++>>>>+>+>++>>++++>+>>>>+++>+>>>>++++> +>>>>++++>>+ +>++>+>+ +>+>++>++>>>>>>++>+>+++>>>>>+++ +>>>++>+>++ +>+>+>++>>>>>>++>>>+>>>++>+>>>>+++> +>>> +>>++>++>++++ ++++++++++++++>>>>+>+>>>+>>++>++++++>> >++>>++++++++ +>>+>>++>+>> >>++++>>++++++>>>+>++>>++ +>++>+>++>+>+++ >>>>>+++>>>+>+>>++>+>++++>>>++>>++++ ++++ >>+>>++>+>> >>++++>>++++>>+>++++>>>>>>++>+>+++ +>>+>++>>>>+>+>++>+ >>>>++++>>++++>>>+ [[->>+<<]<+]+ ++++[->++++++++<]>.[ +]>>[<<++++++++[->++++++++<]>- .----------------- >-[-<.<+>>]<[+]<+>>>]<<<[-[-[-[ >>+<++++++[->++++++< ]]>++++ +++++++++<]>+++<]++++++[ ->++++++++<]>+<<<-[ ->>>++<<<]>[->>.<<]<<]

本社9+

 Q

ボーンシェル(sh)

 #!/bin/sh quine ( ) { echo -e "#!/bin/sh \n $1" echo "quine '$1'" } quine 'quine () { echo -e "#!/bin/sh \\ n$1" echo "クイン \047$1\047" } '

バッチ (MS-DOS)

 @echo off %1 %2 call %0 goto e %% call %0 goto e %%3 echo.%%4 echo:f goto f :e echo.%4@echo off echo.%4%31 %32 echo .%4call %30 goto e %3%3 echo.%4call %30 goto e %3%33 echo.%3%34 echo.%4echo:f echo.%4goto f echo.%4:e :f

PHP 

 $a = 'chr(60).chr(63).chr(10).chr(36).chr(97).chr(61).chr(39).$a.chr(39).chr(59 ).chr(10)."echo $a;".chr(10).chr(63).chr(62)' ;エコーchr ( 60 ) 。 chr ( 63 ) 。 chr ( 10 ) 。 chr ( 36 ) 。 chr ( 97 ) 。 chr ( 61 ) 。 chr ( 39 ) 。 $a 。 chr ( 39 ) 。 chr ( 59 ) 。 chr ( 10 ) 。 "エコー$a ;" 。 chr ( 10 ) 。 chr ( 63 ) 。 chr ( 62 ) ; ?>  $a = ' ' ; echo str_replace ( 1 + 1 , chr ( 39 ) . $a . chr ( 39 ) , $a ) ; ?> 
 function Esc ( $ s ) { return ( str_replace ( chr ( 0x27 ) , chr ( 0x5c ) .chr ( 0x27 ) , $s ) ) ; aSrc =配列( 'echo("  , 'echo(\' function Esc($s) { return (str_replace(chr(0x27), chr(0x5c).chr(0x27), $s)); }\'); echo("\r\n");' , 'echo(\' $aSrc = array(\'); echo("\r\n");' , 'foreach ($aSrc as $x) {' , ' echo(chr(0x09).chr(0x09) )."\'".Esc($x)."\',".chr(0x0d).chr(0x0a));' , '}' , 'echo("\t);\r\n") ;' , 'foreach ($aSrc as $x) {' , ' echo(chr(0x09).$x.chr(0x0d).chr(0x0a));' , '}' , 'echo("?>\r\n");' 、 ） ;エコー( "  \r \n " ) ; echo ( ' function Esc($s) { return (str_replace(chr(0x27), chr(0x5c).chr(0x27), $s)); }' ) ; echo ( " \r \n " ) ; echo ( ' $aSrc = array(' ) ; echo ( " \r \n " ) ; foreach ( $aSrc as $x ) { echo ( chr ( 0x09 ) . chr ( 0x09 ) . "'" .Esc ( $ x ) . " , " . chr ( 0x0d ) } echo ( " \ t ) ; \ r \ n " ) . chr ( 0x0a )​​​​​​​​​​ ) ;
Quine (コンピューティング)について詳しく解説

PL1

注: PL/I で書かれたこの短い Quine は、OS PL/I V2.3.0 バージョンのコンパイラーを使用してコンパイルされますが、多数のエラーやエラー警告を回避するために左マージン 1 とCOMPILEオプションが必要です。

 %dcl z%z='put edit';proc options(main;q=''''put list(m;do i=1,2;z(q)skip;do j= 1to 78c=substr(m( i),j;if c=qz(c;z(c;end;z(q',';dcl(c,q)char,m(2)char(99)init( '%dcl z%z= ''put edit'';proc options(main;q=''''''''put list(m;do i=1,2;z(q)skip;do j=', '1to 78c=substr (m(i),j;if c=qz(c;z(c;end;z(q'','';dcl(c,q)char,m(2)char(99)init(',

前へ

注: この Quine は 4 つすべてのシステムで動作します。

 : qs" 2dup cr 115 エミット 34 エミット スペース タイプ 34 エミット スペース タイプ cr" 2dup cr 115 エミット 34 エミット スペース タイプ 34 エミット スペース タイプ cr ;

追記

 (dup == {dup cvx exec} Pop 8 12 getinterval =) dup cvx exec

ビジュアルフォックスプロ

クリアトークをオフに設定テキストマージをオンに設定\クリア\トークをオフに設定\テキストマージをオンに設定

Tcl

 proc Quine { } { set n [ lindex [ info level 0 ] 0 ] append s [ list proc $n [ info args $n ] [ info body $n ] ] \n [ list $n ] put $s } Quine

アンラムダ

一行で書くこと。 12,538 文字が含まれるため、非表示になっています。

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d`k`.``k`d`k`.k`k`d`k`.k`k`d`k`.``k`d`k`.k`k`d`k`.i``si`ki

ヴァラ

GLibを使用します。 public class Quine { public static void main ( ) { string s = "GLib を使用; public class Quine { public static void main() { string s = %c%s%c; stdout.printf(s, 34, s, 34 ); } }" ;標準出力。 printf ( s,34,s,34 ) ; } }

その他

フランス語

 引用符の間の文章をコピーしてからコピーします。 「引用符の間の文章をコピーしてからコピーします」。

参考資料

  1. كواين (حوسبة) – arabe
  2. Куін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
  3. Самоизписваща се програма – bulgare
  4. Quine (program) – tchèque
  5. Quine (programmering) – danois
  6. Quine (Computerprogramm) – allemand

Quine (コンピューティング)について詳しく解説・関連動画

サイエンス・ハブ

知識の扉を開け、世界を変える。

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